HomeMy WebLinkAbout2560469 - F.I. Received Doc. - Ornithology Report
Ornithology Report
Proposed 850kW Turbine Dundrumman,
Scotstown, Co. Monaghan
Compiled by: Sara Sheridan MSc BSc QCIEEM, Veon Ecology
Prepared for: Greenvolt Next Ireland
Completion Date: 18th of May 2026 RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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General Details
Details of Author(s)
Name: Sara Sheridan MSc BSc
Address: Office 17, Oran House, Oran Town Centre, Station Road, Oranmore, Co. Galway
Company name: Veon Ltd. Veon Ecology
Tel. no: M: +353 87 1127182
E-mail: ssheridan@veon.ie
Qualifications &
relevant experience
MSc in Ecological Management & Conservation Biology from Queen’s University Belfast
BSc in Environmental Science from University of Galway
Qualifying member of the Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management
MSc earned in 2022 from Queen’s University Belfast. Extensive experience in ornithology,
with practical experience as a member of a field ecology team conducting various surveys.
Deep knowledge of environmental legislation and ecological assessment.
Contribution to the
preparation of this
report
Desktop survey, Survey design, Multi-disciplinary survey, Bird survey, Final report
compilation.
Veon Ltd. Veon Ecology
Revision Description Author: Date Reviewed By: Date Authorised by: Date
1 Draft Report SS 08/09/23 DP 09/09/23 - -
2 Final Report SS 08/11/23 DP 09/11/23 - -
3 Request for
Further
Information
JG 09/04/2026 DP 09/04/2026 RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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Table of Contents
Table of Figures ................................................................................................................................................................. iv
Table of Tables .................................................................................................................................................................. iv
Table of Photographs ........................................................................................................................................................ iv
Section 1: INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Report Summary .......................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Legislation & Guidance ................................................................................................................................................ 1
1.3 Site Overview ............................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.4 Project Description ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
Section 2: METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Desktop Review............................................................................................................................................................ 6
2.2 Field Surveys ................................................................................................................................................................ 7
2.2.1 Bird Activity ........................................................................................................................................................... 7
2.2.2 Hen Harrier Suitability Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 7
2.2.3 Protected Species ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Section 3: RESULTS ................................................................................................................................................................ 9
3.1 Desk Study ................................................................................................................................................................... 9
3.1.1 Natura 2000 Sites .................................................................................................................................................. 9
3.1.2 I-WeBS Sites .......................................................................................................................................................... 9
3.1.3 Ramsar Sites ...................................................................................................................................................... 10
3.1.4 Protected Species .............................................................................................................................................. 10
3.2 Field Study ................................................................................................................................................................. 12
3.2.1 Hen Harrier ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
3.2.2 Merlin................................................................................................................................................................. 12
3.2.3 Raptors ............................................................................................................................................................... 13
3.2.4 Red Grouse ........................................................................................................................................................ 13
3.2.5 Waders ............................................................................................................................................................... 14
3.2.6 Wintering Wetland Birds ................................................................................................................................... 14
3.2.7 Passerines & Corvids .......................................................................................................................................... 14
Section 4: SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................................................. 15
Section 5: REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................................... 17
Section 6: APPENDICES ....................................................................................................................................................... 19
Appendix 1: Survey Summaries ...................................................................................................................................... 19
Appendix 2: Figures ........................................................................................................................................................ 22
Appendix 3. PHOTOGRAPHS ........................................................................................................................................... 26
RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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Table of Figures
Figure 1. Site layout and proposed development. ................................................................................................................ 8
Figure 2. Site location relevant to the Natura 2000 network ............................................................................................. 12
Figure 3. Lough Oughter Ramsar site & SPA map .............................................................................................................. 16
Figure 4. Subject site location map ..................................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 5. Site layout of proposed development and surrounding area ............................................................................... 27
Figure 6. 15km buffer and Nature 2000 network ............................................................................................................... 28
Figure 7. Habitat map of proposed development site ........................................................................................................ 29
Figure 8. Bird Sensitivity to Wind Energy Mapping of proposed site (BWI, 2023) .............................................................. 30
Figure 9. Lough Oughter Ramsar Site ................................................................................................................................. 31
Figure 10. Finn-Lacky Catchment I-WeBS sites relevant to the subject site ........................................................................ 32
Table of Tables
Table 1. Bird species recorded on-site ................................................................................................................................. 24
Table 2. Protected bird species recorded in the 10km2 grid ‘H53’ from NBDC. ................................................................ 24
Table of Photographs
Photograph 1: Improved agricultural grassland (GA1) at proposed turbine location ........................................................ 33
Photograph 2: Hedgerows (WL1) along western boundary along public road (left). ......................................................... 33
Photograph 3: Hedgerow (WL1) and treeline (WL2) on the eastern site boundary. .......................................................... 34
Photograph 4: Hedgerow (WL1) and treeline (WL2) on the eastern site boundary ........................................................... 34
Photograph 5: GA1, BL3, WL1 & WL2 surrounding the site (looking northwest) ............................................................... 35
Photograph 6: Southwest corner of the site with BL3 & residential dwelling obscured by trees (right). ........................... 35
Photograph 7: Large agricultural buildings (BL3) northeast of the site .............................................................................. 36
Photograph 8: ESB substation location south of turbine on GA1 by industrial buildings (right). ....................................... 36 RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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Section 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Report Summary
Veon Ltd. (Veon Ecology) has been appointed by Greenvolt Next Ireland, to carry out an ornithology report in
relation to the erection of a 850kw wind turbine and associated infrastructure works located in Dundrumman,
Scotstown, Co. Monaghan. A site visit was conducted in July of 2023. The survey area, shown in Figure 1, includes
the location of the proposed wind turbine and surrounding areas.
This report was compiled to provide information regarding the ecological status of the local bird population, their
behaviours and distribution during the survey period. This report outlines the survey methodology, a desktop study
and survey results. This bird survey was conducted in compliance with the primary guidance and best practice
guidelines. This ornithology report will be accompanied by a Natura Impact Statement (NIS) compiled by Veon Ecology.
The aims of the bird survey at the proposed project site are as follows:
− Collect robust data following good practice guidelines to allow an assessment of the potential impacts of the
proposed project on the local bird populations,
− Facilitate the design of mitigation, enhancement, and monitoring strategies for the local bird population and
their supporting habitat,
− Provide baseline information with which the results of future monitoring surveys can be compared to, where
appropriate,
− Facilitate the conservation of protected bird species,
− Aid in the protection and conservation of the Qualifying Interests (QIs) of the local Special Protection Area
(SPAs) and other protected sites further afield.
1.2 Legislation & Guidance
The key legislation underpinning the protection and conservation of birds in Ireland are the:
− Wildlife Acts 1976 to 2022
− Council Directive 92/43/EEC referred to as the ‘Habitats Directive’
− Council Directive 2009/147/EC referred to as the ‘Birds Directive’
− European Communities (Birds and Natural Habitats) Regulations 2011-2015
− The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance
− Planning and Development Act (2000) (as amended)
− Planning and Development Regulations 2001 to 2020
The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as waterfowl habitat, more commonly known as
the Ramsar Convention, was ratified by Ireland in 1984 and came into force for Ireland on 15 March 1985. While this
is not legislation, it is an international treaty and sites designated under the treaty are afforded protection under the
EU Habitats and/or Birds Directive. Ireland presently has 45 sites designated as Wetlands of International Importance.
Ireland is obligated to submit regular reports on the Irish Ramsar sites, with the most recent one being from 2022,
which was authored for the COP14.
The EU Birds Directive (Council Directive 2009/147/EC) is particularly important in relation to the proposed
development and the surveys required to inform the development application. Some key sections of the Birds
Directive are outlined below: RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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Article 1:
1. “This Directive relates to the conservation of all species of naturally occurring birds in the wild state in the
European territory of the Member States to which the Treaty applies. It covers the protection, management
and control of these species and lays down rules for their exploitation.”
2. “It shall apply to birds, their eggs, nests and habitats.”
Article 3:
1. “Member States shall take the requisite measures to preserve, maintain or re-establish a sufficient diversity
and area of habitats for all the species of birds referred to in Article 1.”
Article 4:
1. “The species mentioned in Annex I shall be the subject of special conservation measures concerning their
habitat in order to ensure their survival and reproduction in their area of distribution.”
4. “Outside these protection areas, Member States shall also strive to avoid pollution or deterioration of
habitats.”
Article 5:
1. “Member States shall take the requisite measures to establish a general system of protection for all species
of birds referred to in Article 1, prohibiting in particular:
(a) deliberate killing or capture by any method;
(b) deliberate destruction of, or damage to, their nests and eggs or removal of their nests;
(c) taking their eggs in the wild and keeping these eggs even if empty;
(d) deliberate disturbance of these birds particularly during the period of breeding and rearing, in so far as
disturbance would be significant having regard to the objectives of this Directive;
(e) keeping birds of species the hunting and capture of which is prohibited.”
Section 40 of the Wildlife Acts restricts the destruction of vegetation by any means which may be occupied by breeding
birds between March 1st and August 31st, as well as making it an offence to remove or disturb a nest during the nesting
season. Under Section 42 of the Wildlife Acts the National Parks and Wildlife Services (NPWS) may grant a licence
which permits the controlled alteration to or near a bird nest during the nesting season, however strict criteria must
be met in order for such a licence to be granted. RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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1.3 Site Overview
The project site is located at Dundrumman, Scotstown, Co. Monaghan (Latitude: 54°16'46.39"N, Longitude:
7°7'48.98"W) (see Figure 1). The proposed development site lies approximately 4km west of the village of
Scotstown, 11km northwest of Monaghan town and only 2.7km east of the border between the Republic and
Northern Ireland.
The area subject to the planning application is approximately 1.6 acres and lies within a field approximately 4.9 acres
which is under the control of applicant. The project site consists of improved agricultural grassland, grazed by cattle.
The surrounding area is predominantly improved agricultural land, with several residential dwellings and agricultural
buildings scattered across the landscape and some areas dominated by scrub. The Maghery stream (EPA code: 36M03)
is the nearest watercourse to the project site, flowing west to east approximately 150m west of the site boundary.
There are various other watercourse within 2km of the proposed site, however they are minor streams and are not
hydrologically connected to the proposed development site.
An unnamed local road runs along the western boundary of the proposed site which experiences a high level of traffic
from local residents and traffic associated with the local meat production facilities. The project site is owned and
managed by Connolly Meats Ltd., a local meat wholesale business. The company has various facilities and buildings on
adjacent lands including packaging facilities and agricultural sheds. The nearest private dwellings is situated directly
across the road from the proposed development to the southwest.
The Slieve Beagh Special Protection Area (SPA) (004167) is located approximately 2.2km north of the proposed
development site. The Slieve Beagh SPA’s Qualifying Interest (QI) for which it is designated is Hen Harrier (Circus
cyaneus) and covers upland areas of blanket bog, highly suitable breeding habitat for Hen Harrier. Other protected
and rare species such as Merlin (Falco columbarius) and Red Grouse (Lagopus lagopus hibernicus) have been identified
as breeding within the Slieve Beagh SPA. The other EU designated site within 15km of the proposed development is
the Kilroosky Lough Cluster Special Area of Conservation (SAC) (001786), which is located approximately 11km
southwest of the subject site. The (QI’s) for this SAC include aquatic habitats and White -clawed Crayfish
(Austropotamobius pallipes). The Eshbrach Bog Natural Heritage Area (NHA) (001603) also lies 5.5.km north of the
proposed development site. The Eshbrach Bog NHA is a protected area of upland blanket bog. The NHA overlaps with
a portion of the Slieve Beagh SPA.
The proposed development site consists of improved agricultural grassland with hedgerows and treelines along the
site boundaries (see Appendix 2 & 3). The primary species of the improved agricultural grassland include a Perennial
Rye-grass hybrid (Lolium multiflorum x perenne), Yorkshire Fog (Holcus lanatus), Meadow Fox -tail (Alopecurus
pratensis), Curled Dock (Rumex crispus ssp.) and White-Clover (Trifolium repens). The hedgerow which follows the
boundary parallel to the public road consists primarily of Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) with some Honeysuckle
(Lonicera periclymenum) and Cow Parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris). The hedgerows and treelines along the other
boundaries of the site consist of several species including Willow (Salix spp.), Ash (Fraxinus excelsior), Blackthorn
(Prunus spinosa), Bramble (Rubus fruticosus agg.) and Nettles (Urtica dioica).
The avifauna identified on and around the proposed development site is typical of an agricultural landscape. Corvids
and passerine species are abundant in the locality, likely nesting in the hedgerows and treelines during the breeding
season. The proposed development site is located in area defined as ‘Low Sensitivity’ under the Bird Sensitivity
Mapping for Wind Energy, with a score of 19 (BWI, 2023; McGuinness et al. 2015). No underground mammal dwellings,
including Badger (Meles meles) setts or Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) dens , were encountered on the proposed
development site during the survey. No evidence of mammal presence such a prints, scats or hair was observed during
the survey on the site. However, some gaps and in the hedgerows and treelines along the site boundary were observed
during the survey on-site and these may be trails used by commuting mammals such as Badgers and Foxes. RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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Figure 1. Site layout and proposed development. RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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1.4 Project Description
The proposed development consists of the erection of a single 850kW wind turbine and associated works. The
proposed turbine will have a maximum height of 91 meters, 65m hub height and 26m blade length, and will be
located on land currently classed as improved agricultural grassland (GA1). The turbine will be located centred at
Latitude: 54°16'46.39"N, Longitude: 7°7'48.98"W.
The development will include an associated transformer located within or adjacent to the turbine, buried electrical
and fibre-optic cabling between the Connolly Meats sites, and new turbine foundations. The proposed turbine will be
situated on lands adjacent to existing Connolly Meats facilities.
The project will entail the excavation of approximately 420 cubic meters of excavation material, the use of around 15
tonnes of reinforcing steel, and the pouring of approximately 320 cubic meters of concrete, subject to the final
foundation design. Additionally, the development includes the construction of a haul road and a standing pad, which
will require approximately 100 cubic meters of stone and several rolls of geotextile, contingent on the ground
conditions. The project will also encompass the installation of necessary pipework, ductwork, cabling, and electrical
connections.
The foundation construction is anticipated to span approximately two weeks. Subsequently, after allowing sufficient
curing time, a suitable day for the turbine's erection will be selected, taking into consideration weather conditions
(such as wind and rain) and the availability of resources.
The wind turbine, with a capacity of 850kW, will be delivered to the site in sections. It is anticipated to be assembled
over a one-week period, weather permitting. The erection of the tower, nacelle, and blades is expected to be
completed in a single day.
Construction is projected to commence approximately two months after receiving planning permission, allowing time
for final design procurement and other preparatory work. A temporary site compound will be established in or near
the existing Connolly Meats facility, facilitating easy access to necessary services and welfare facilities.
The main infrastructural components of the proposed development include:
− Townlands of Dundrumman, Scotstown, Co. Monaghan.
− A 850kW wind turbine, delivered to the site in sections.
− Approximately 420 cubic meters of excavation.
− Approximately 15 tonnes of reinforcing steel.
− Approximately 320 cubic meters of concrete, subject to the final foundation design.
− A haul road and standing pad, requiring approximately 100 cubic meters of stone and several rolls of
geotextile.
− Necessary pipework, ductwork, cabling, and electrical connections. RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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Section 2: METHODOLOGY
2.1 Desktop Review
A comprehensive desk study was undertaken by Veon Ecology in August of 2023, to search for any relevant information
on all bird species which may potentially make use of the study area, particularly protected and/or rare species. The
assessment included a thorough review of the available ornithological data including, but not limited to:
− National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) on-line map viewer.
− National Biodiversity Data Centre (NBDC) on-line map viewer.
− Irish Wetland Bird Survey (I-WeBS) on-line map viewer.
− Irish Ramsar Wetlands Committee (IRWC) Ramsar sites on-line map viewer.
− Bird Atlases: (Sharrock, 1976; Lack, 1986; Gibbons et al., 1993; Balmer et al., 2013).
− Birds of Conservation Concern in Ireland (BoCCI) 2020-2026 (Gilbert, Stanbury & Lewis, 2021).
− The 2015 National Survey of Breeding Hen Harrier in Ireland Report (Ruddock et al. 2016).
− The Hen Harrier Programme’s 2021 Monitoring Report (HHP, 2021).
− Assessment of the distribution and abundance of Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) and other riparian birds of six SAC
river systems in Ireland (Cummins et al., 2010).
− Survey of Breeding Merlin in the SPA Network. Irish Wildlife Manual No. 139 (Lusby et al., 2022).
− Bird Sensitivity Mapping for Wind Energy Developments and Associated Infrastructure in the Republic of
Ireland. Guidance Document (McGuinness et al., 2015).
A desktop study was carried out to collate information on bird species and supporting habitats within the study area
and the surrounding lands. Records of protected species in the environs of the proposed project were identified. This
information was obtained by accessing the website of the National Parks & Wildlife Service (NPWS) and the database
of the National Biodiversity Data Centre (NBDC).
The Irish Wetland Bird Survey (I-WeBS) is an annual survey of wintering waterbirds at multiple wetland sites across
the country. The survey is coordinated by BirdWatch Ireland (BWI) and funded by the National Parks and Wildlife
Service. The data collected by the I-WeBS each year is sent to the International Waterbird Census in order to contribute
to global research of waterbirds. The National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) published a report on ‘Waterbird
Status and Distribution 2009/10-2015/16’ (Lewis et al. 2019), which was consulted with to identify species who’s
distribution spreads to the area of the proposed development. Access to data from the I-WeBS sites relevant to the
study site was requested from BWI. A response was received to the request for data from the two I-WeBS sites on the
7th of September. The response explained that no recent data exists for the Slieve Beagh Lakes site.
The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as waterfowl habitat, more commonly known as
the Ramsar Convention, was ratified by Ireland in 1984 and came into force for Ireland on 15 March 1985. While this
is not legislation, it is an international treaty and sites designated under the treaty are afforded protection under the
EU Habitats and/or Birds Directive. Ireland presently has 45 sites designated as Wetlands of International Importance.
Ireland is obligated to submit regular reports on the Irish Ramsar sites, with the most recent one being from 2022,
which was authored for the COP14. RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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2.2 Field Surveys
2.2.1 Bird Activity
A bird activity survey was conducted on the proposed development site in order to determine the primary species of
birds that utilise the site and the surrounding area. All species of birds observed on -site were recorded as part of a
multi-disciplinary survey conducted. A walkover of the entire development was conducted. All habitat types, plant
species, invasive species, mammal species, bird species, signs of mammal activity, signs of nesting bird activity were
recorded during the walkover survey. All species of birds observed on-site or visible from the study site (minimum of
500m from the site where possible) were recorded, as well as their behaviour and the habitats they interacted with.
Following the general walkover survey a more focused bird flight activity survey was conducted, the methodology for
which was adapted from the Vantage Point survey methodology (SNH, 2017). A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was not
utilised to select a Vantage Point (VP) as a Collision Risk Model (CRM) is not to be created for this development.
However a point was chosen to conduct a watch from, from which the entire potential rotor -swept area of the
proposed turbine was visible, as well as much of the surrounding area. A watch was conducted from this point for
approximately 1.5 hours. Again the species of birds occurring on -site particularly within the rotor-swept area were
recorded, along with their behaviour and the habitats they interacted with. Particular attention was paid when
watching for protected or rare species, especially Hen Harrier.
The rotor-swept area of the proposed turbine is between 43m – 87m above ground level at the located of the
purposed turbine (centred at grid reference H 56616 37109). The turbine has a hub height of 65m, rotor length of
26m and overall maximum height of 91m.
2.2.2 Hen Harrier Suitability Assessment
As Hen Harrier is the Qualifying Interest (QI) for the Slieve Beagh SPA particular attention was paid to the assessment
of the potential impacts of the proposed development on the species. The suitability of the proposed site for Hen
Harrier, roosting, breeding or foraging, was assessed. The suitability was assessed based on available information
about the ecology of Hen Harrier in Ireland and the UK, particularly Hardey et al. (2013).
The Hen Harrier suitability assessment utilised a driven transect in the area around the study site, with regular stops
at locations of potential suitability. A driven survey was used due to limited access to third party land within the area
and the availability of a good road network in the vicinity of the site. At each of these stops a short watch was
conducted for Hen Harrier, the status of the habitats was recorded and the habitats and land -uses in the area were
also noted.
2.2.3 Protected Species
During the multi-disciplinary walkover survey, any habitats suitable for any protected and/or rare species if bird were
noted. Similarly during the driven transect conducted for the Hen Harrier assessment, any habitats or locations
potentially suitable for any protected and/or rare species were noted. The habitats were assessed on their suitability
for breeding and wintering protected birds, including raptors, waders, grouse and waterbirds.
Similarly to the Hen Harrier assessment survey, Hardey et al. (2013) was the primary reference material for assessing
and identifying suitable habitat for species of raptor in the locality of the proposed development. Also during the
driven transect and watches any potential Barn Owl nest sites were recorded. Potential Barn Owl nest sites were RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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identified following the criteria outlined by BirdWatch Ireland (2017) and Shawyer (2011). When assessing the
suitability of habitats for waders the primary literature used was Brown & Shepard (1993) and Silva -Monteiro et al.
(2020).
Figure 2. Site location relevant to the Natura 2000 network. RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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Section 3: RESULTS
3.1 Desk Study
3.1.1 Natura 2000 Sites
The National Parks & Wildlife Services (NPWS) and European Protection Agency (EPA) website and records were
consulted to identify the Natura 2000 sites within a 15km Zone of Influence (ZoI) around the proposed development.
Two Natura 2000 sites fall with the proposed site’s ZoI: Slieve Beagh SPA (004167) and Kilroosky Lough Cluster SAC
(001786). Neither protected site is physically nor hydrologically connected to the proposed development site. The
Slieve Beagh SPA lies in close proximity to the development site, only 1.9km north.
Hen Harrier is the only Qualifying Interest (QI) of the Slieve Beagh SPA. The Site Synopsis and Conservation Objectives
for the Slieve Beagh SPA (Site Code: 004167) names the site as one of few strongholds for breeding Hen Harrier in the
country (NPWS, 2012; NPWS, 2022). A 2021 report on breeding Hen Harrier across SPAs in Ireland confirmed three
breeding pairs of Hen Harrer in the Slieve Beagh SPA with two pairs successfully fledging one chick each (HHP, 2021).
The Hen Harrier population of the Slieve Beagh SPA fluctuates from year to year, but this is thought to be due to the
movement of pairs between nest sites that lay over the border with Northern Ireland (see Figure 2 above) and
therefore the Slieve Beagh breeding population is considered stable (HHP, 2021).
The main threats identified for the SPA are peat extraction and walking paths & cycling tracks (EEA, 2022). Potential
impacts to the Qualifying Interests and the Conservation Objectives of the Slieve Beagh SPA as a result of the proposed
development construction and operation include potential direct and indirect impacts to the Hen Harrier. The site -
specific conservation objectives for the Slieve Beagh SPA include the maintenance of the breeding population of Hen
Harrier within the SPA at 3-4 confirmed breeding pairs a year, a minimum of 1 to 1.4 successful fledging’s per pair and
other objectives that support these targets such as habitat maintenance and avoidance of disturbance (NPWS, 2022).
The 2021 Hen Harrier Monitoring report by the Hen Harrier Project stated the significant pressures to the local
breeding Hen Harrier population is peat extraction, forestry activities and recreation activities (HHP, 2021). Peat
extraction and illegal cutting caused the failed breeding attempt of one pair in the SPA in 2021 (HHP, 2021).
The Slieve Beagh SPA consists of habitats which include upland blanket bogs, cutover bogs, wet and dry heaths, areas
of Sitka Spruce plantations, rough grazing grasslands, wet semi-rich grasslands and several small dystrophic ponds.
Bog and heath habitats cover approximately 43% of the SPA site (NPWS, 2012). The vegetation of the blanket bog
habitat is dominated by Deergrass (Scirpus cespitosus), Ling Heather (Calluna vulgaris), Cross -leaved Heath (Erica
tetralix), Hare’s-tail Cottongrass (Eriophorum vaginatum), Common Cottongrass (E. angustifolium) and mosses
including several Sphagnum species (NPWS, 2012).
3.1.2 I-WeBS Sites
There are two I-WeBS sites in proximity to the proposed development site; Slieve Beagh Lakes (site code: 0Y029) and
Finn- Lacky Catchment (site code: 0Y017). The Slieve Beagh Lakes site (grid reference H560430) consists of the various
upland lakes and wetland habitats in the Slieve Beagh upland area, approximately 5.5km north of the proposed site.
The site overlaps with the Slieve Beagh SPA. The Finn-Lacky Catchment site (grid reference H610340) consists of
multiple small lowland wetland habitats just west of Monaghan town, approximately 5km southeast of the proposed
development site. A response was received to the request for data from the two I-WeBS sites on the 7th of September.
The response explained that no recent data exists for the Slieve Beagh Lakes site. Data was provided for the Finn-Lacky
Catchment site, which consists of multiple wetland sites. The nearest recording site part of the Finn-Lacky Catchment RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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I-WeBS site is over 4km southeast of the proposed development site. The species recorded at the various Finn-Lacky
Catchment locations over the last three years include Whooper swan, Great Crested Grebe and Moorhen.
Site-specific reports on population trends are available on the BWI website for multiple I-WeBS sites. However, no
site-specific trend reports are available for Slieve Beagh Lakes nor the Finn-Lacky Catchment I-WeBS sites. The National
Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) published a report on ‘Waterbird Status and Distribution 2009/10-2015/16’ (Lewis
et al. 2019). The NPWS report illustrates the status and distribution of wetland birds across Ireland between the
mentioned years. The following species’ distribution were shown to extend to Monaghan, although the exact location
in relation to the proposed development cannot be discerned; Wigeon (Anas penelope), Teal (Anas crecca), Tufted
Duck (Aythya fuligula), Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula), Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis), Great Crested Grebe
(Podiceps cristatus) and Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) (Lewis et al. 2019).
3.1.3 Ramsar Sites
The Lough Oughter Ramsar site (site ID: 853) lies approximately 31km southwest of the proposed development site,
just west of Cavan town. The Lough Oughter site was established in 1996, with its boundaries following the boundary
of the Lough Oughter Complex SPA (004049), as it was in 1996 (the SPA has since expanded). The Lough Oughter
Ramsar site and SPA consists of a maze of pockets of land and waterbodies. The network of waterways feeds wetland
habitats, some rare, including marshes, fens, reed swamps, wet woodlands and wet grasslands. The site is particularly
important for wintering Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus), Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus), Wigeon (Anas
Penelope) and Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula). A breeding colony of Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) also utilise the site
during the breeding season. The Qualifying Interests (QIs) of the Lough Oughter Complex SPA are the Great Crested
Grebe, Whooper swan, Wigeon and Wetland & Waterbirds.
The main threats and pressures to the Lough Oughter Ramsar site are local agricultural practices, especially livestock
farming, tourism and recreational activities including water sports and fishing. The threats and pressures for the Lough
Oughter Complex SPA are similar, naming high level threats as agriculture fertilisation and livestock farming, and
medium level threats sylviculture and leisure fishing.
3.1.4 Protected Species
Consultation of available on-line resources and literature indicated that the avifauna of the area surrounding the
proposed development site is typical of an agricultural landscape. However, the Slieve Beagh SPA is a key breeding
site for Hen Harrier in Ireland, as well as breeding Merlin and Red Grouse. As described above in Section 3.1.1, Hen
Harrier is the QI of the Slieve Beagh SPA, with a stable breeding population utilising the site.
The National Biodiversity Data Centre (NBDC) records report no protected species of bird within the 2km grid square
‘H52T’, in which the proposed development is located (NBDC, 2023). The NBDC records for the 10km grid square ‘H53’
reported multiple protected bird species, including; Barn Owl, Kestrel, Snipe, Swift, Curlew, Teal, Woodcock, Great
Crested Grebe, Hen Harrier, Merlin, Lapwing, Red Grouse, Tufted Duck and Whooper Swan (NBDC, 2023). Most of
these records of the protected species within the 10km grid square, were recorded for the Bird Atlas 2007 -2011
(Balmer et al. 2013).
A consultation of NBDC online database to identified specific records of Hen Harrier sightings in the area of the
proposed development site. As expected, there are multiple records of Hen Harrier sightings in the ‘H53’ 10km grid
square, both confirmed individual sightings and sightings recorded as part of the Birds Atlas 2007-2011 (Balmer et al.
2013). Once the search was narrowed to sightings of the species that can be located to a precision of 2km or 1km gridRECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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squares, there were significantly fewer records as you move further out of the Slieve Beagh SPA. A confirmed sighting
of a male Hen Harrier was recorded in March 2020 (NBDC, 2023). The location of the sighting can be narrowed to a
precision of 1km of the Irish grid reference ‘H5638’ (NBDC, 2023). The grid reference given for the sighting is just over
1km northwest of the proposed development site. Considering the time of year that the sighting was recorded it is
likely that the male bird was scouting for or establishing a territory and/or searching for females (Hardey et al. 2013).
The NBDC online database was also consulted for records of Merlin (NBDC, 2023). There were significantly less records
of Merlin sightings and all records that were found came from the 2009-11 Bird Atlas (Balmer et al. 2013). The location
of the Bird Atlas records of Merlin were narrowed to a precision of only 2km. The sightings were narrowed the ‘H53E’
and ‘H53P’ 2km grid squares, which both are partly included by the Slieve Beagh SPA (NBDC, 2023).
Although Kestrel is not an Annex I species under the Birds Directive (2009/147/EC), it is a Red List species, experiencing
steep declines in Ireland in recent years. The NBDC records for Kestrel in the area of the proposed development were
mostly historic records from the Breeding Bird Atlas 1988-1991. The 2009-2011 Bird Atlas did record the species also,
again down to a precision of 2km in grid square ‘H53P’, which the proposed site is not located in (NBDC, 2023). There
was an individual recording of a Kestel, sex unknown, in February of 2018, at Irish grid reference ‘H548399’ (NBDC,
2023). The abundance and breeding status of the species in the area is unknown.
National surveys for protected bird species are typically limited to the locations of sites for which they are designated
such as SPA’s. Therefore although species such as Merlin are known to breed in the Slieve Beagh SPA, the national
Merlin survey in 2018 did not cover the Slieve Beagh SPA as Merlin are not a QI. RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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3.2 Field Study
3.2.1 Hen Harrier
As was previously outlined, Hen Harrier are the only Qualifying Interest of the Slieve Beagh SPA (004167), which lies
approximately 1.9km north of the proposed development site. Due to the site’s close proximity to the SPA, a watch
was conducted at the site focusing on the potential rotor-swept area. An assessment was also conducted of the
suitability of the habitats on-site and in the surrounding landscape for Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus).
Hen Harrier’s in Ireland have been shown to primarily use heather heathland/ peatland and pre -thicket forestry
plantations when for nest sites during the breeding season (Hardey et al. 2013). When selecting a nest site Hen Harriers
typically prefer heathlands with ‘rank’ heather, i.e., tall heather approximately knee-high, that is not too wet, pre-
thicket forestry, i.e. less than 5m tall, with an open canopy or scrub that is not dense (Caravaggi et al. 2020; Hardey et
al. 2013; Irwin et al. 2012). Wintering, non-breeding and foraging Hen Harrier’s have been found to use the same and
similar habitats when roosting and hunting (Caravaggi et al. 2020; Hardey et al. 2013; Irwin et al. 2012).
None of the aforementioned habitats were identified on the proposed development site or the land immediately
surrounding the site. Some areas of Gorse (Ulex europaeus) scrub were identified in the area by the suitability survey;
however these pockets of scrub were surrounded by areas of high intensity agriculture land, primarily used for
livestock grazing. In most circumstances livestock had access to the site of the scrub meaning there was little to no
vegetation understory as a result of grazing and poaching of the earth. Heather heathland/peatland habitats were
identified in the wider landscape in the upland areas of the Slieve Beagh SPA. Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis) plantations
of various maturity are also a common habitat in the Slieve Beagh SPA and outside it.
No Hen Harrier or signs of species were recorded during the survey, either on-site or during the driving transect.
Although Hen Harrier activity is high relative to the rest of the country in upland area of the SPA, the species’ activity
on and around the proposed development site is low.
3.2.2 Merlin
Merlin (Falco columbarius) was reported as breeding in the Slieve Beagh SPA historically by the SPA’s site synopsis
(NPWS, 2012). The Bird Atlas 2009-2011 confirmed records of the species in the area of the SPA during the breeding
season but breeding activity was not confirmed (Balmer et al. 2013; NBDC, 2023). No suitable Merlin habitat was
identified on-site or in the surrounding area. Breeding Merlin in Ireland require mature trees, typically conifer
plantations, with disused nests, most often corvid nests, bordering onto an area of peatland or rough grazing (Hardey
et al. 2013; Lusby et al. 2022). No sightings of the species were recorded on-site or during the driven transects. No
potential Merlin territories were identified outside of the SPA. RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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3.2.3 Raptors
Other raptors that were considered for this report include Buzzard (Buteo buteo), Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus),
Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) and Barn Owl (Tyto alba).
Buzzard
No Buzzard sightings were recorded during the surveys on-site or during the driven transect. Few areas of mature
trees, treelines and/or woodland were identified in the area surrounding the proposed development site. Buzzards
build large stick nests in mature trees, often large conifers such as Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) and have several
alternative nest sites which they rotate between from year to year (Hardey et al. 2013). The large stick nests of
Buzzards require mature or robust trees to hold the large nests which are often built upon over several years. The lack
if mature trees in the area of the proposed site means that area not suitable for breeding Buzzards.
Sparrowhawk
No Sparrowhawk sightings were recorded during the surveys on-site or during the driven transect. Sparrowhawk build
sick nests in trees with a dense canopy and therefore are usually difficult to locate (Hardey et al. 2013). Sparrowhawks
are elusive and therefore are less likely to nest in treelines where they are somewhat exposed and prefer to nest in
dense woodlands or stands of trees (Hardey et al. 2013). As previously mentioned, there are few examples of mature
trees in the area of the site, particularly dense woodlands or stands of trees. The suitability of the wider landscape for
breeding Sparrowhawk is low and overall activity of the species in the area is unknown.
Kestrel
No Kestrel sightings were recorded during the surveys on-site or during the driven transect. Kestrels, like all of species
of falcon, do not build their own nests, instead they nest on rock ledges, cliff crags, tree holes, nest boxes, disused
nests of other bird species or in buildings such as churches (Hardey et al. 2013). Kestrels are a common species in
agricultural landscapes and are tolerant of human activity and often nest in close proximity to humans (Hardey et al.
2013). Due to their flexibility in relation to their nesting habitats, the area of the proposed development site is possibly
suitable for breeding Kestrels. However, as no sightings of the species were recorded during the survey and no nest
sites identified, the abundance and breeding status in the area in unknown.
Other raptor species
No other species of raptor were observed on-site during the survey or during the driven transect. No potential
breeding territories were identified for Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus). Peregrine do not build nests, they nest on
rock ledges, crags and ruined or less active buildings (Hardey et al. 2013). No records of Peregrine were found on the
NBDC online database for the area of the proposed development (NBDC, 2023). Some examples low potential Barn
Owl nest sites of low-moderate suitability were identified during the driven transect. These were not investigated
further as their suitability was low and occupation was deemed very unlikely.
3.2.4 Red Grouse
No Red Grouse (Lagopus lagopus) sightings to signs of Red Grouse were recorded during the on -site survey or the
driven transect. Red Grouse are found in heather dominated heaths, moors and peatlands all year round (Murray,
Clotworthy & Bleasdale, 2013; Cummins et al. 2015). Breeding Red Grouse require habitats with at least 20% heather
coverage and varied heather age in order to provide shelter to the nest and new growth to feed chicks (Murray,
Clotworthy & Bleasdale, 2013). Red Grouse have been recorded breeding in the upland areas of bog and heath within
the Slieve Beagh SPA (NPWs, 2012). There is no habitat suitable for Red Grouse on-site or within several kilometres of
the proposed development site. RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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3.2.5 Waders
Many species of wading birds in Ireland are declining and a conservation concern, including Snipe (Gallinago
gallinago), Curlew (Numenius arquata) and Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) (Gilbert, Stanbury & Lewis, 2021). Species such
as these are in decline mainly due to a continuous decrease in availability of suitable breeding habitat (Colhoun,
Mawhinney & Peach, 2015; Colhoun et al. 2022). Waders typically breed in upland peatlands, heaths and rough
pastures, preferably with many densely vegetated drains. The increase in intensive agricultural practices, drainage
management, peat extraction and afforestation over the last century has severely impacted on the availability of
available breeding habitat for wader, contributing to their population declines.
The proposed development site and the surrounding sites are agricultural land, primarily used for high intensity
livestock grazing, not suitable habitat for wader, particularly breeding waders. No species of wading bird was observed
on-site or during the driven transect. Suitable breeding habitat is likely available for waders in the upland areas of the
Slieve Beagh SPA. Larger groups of wading species are often seen in the non-breeding season and sometimes occur
on flooded agricultural grasslands. However, the proposed site and surrounding lands are not within an area deemed
likely to flood or at risk of flooding and therefore the potential for wintering waders to graze on grasslands is low.
Overall the suitability of the landscape for waders, both breeding and wintering, is low.
3.2.6 Wintering Wetland Birds
No wetland habitats were identified on-site. The nearest wetland habitat to the site is the Kilmore Lake which lies
approximately 1km northwest of the site. Wintering wetland birds may utilise the Kilmore Lake, however there are no
records to confirm it. Similarly although there is a named I-WeBS site in the Slieve Beagh complex, no recent records
for the I-WeBS site exist. It is not expected that wintering wetland birds such as Whooper Swan would utilise the
proposed site because due to its elevation it would not flood and therefore would not provide foraging habitat for the
birds. It is not known if the land nearer the lake are prone to flooding in the winter. If so it is possible that wintering
birds may roost on the Kilmore Lake and graze on the flooded fields.
3.2.7 Passerines & Corvids
Species of bird observed on-site during the survey and during the driven transect were primarily species of passerine
and corvids. The species recorded were typical of an agricultural landscape. The species recorded included
Woodpigeon (Columba palumbus), Jackdaw (Corvus monedula), Swallow (Hirundo rustica) and House Sparrow (Passer
domesticus). These species along with various other common farmland birds are likely found consistent throughout
the surrounding landscape. RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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Section 4: SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
This ornithological report was completed in conjunction with a Natura Impact Statement for the application to erect
a single 850kW wind turbine at Dundrumman, Scotstown, Co. Monaghan. The ornithology report illustrates the
avifauna found on and around the site in question and assesses the suitability of the site and the wider landscape for
various protected and/or rare birds in order to establish the species that should be considered when contemplating
the proposed project. Additionally, the proposed development site lies just under 2km southeast of the Slieve Beagh
Special Protection Area, which is designated due to its important population of Hen Harrier. Particular attention was
paid to assessing the suitability of the site and surrounding area for Hen Harrier, as well as consulting all available
resources for what information is known about the local population of Hen Harrier. The site visit and surveys were
conducted during the breeding season and therefore attention was paid to signs of breeding birds in particular. Winter
migrants were not recorded of course, however suitable habitat for the species was noted if observed.
The results of the desk and field study showed that the proposed development site does not host suitable habitat for
Hen Harrier. When selecting a nest site Hen Harriers typically prefer heathlands with ‘rank’ heather, i.e., tall heather
approximately knee-high, that is not too wet, pre-thicket forestry, i.e. less than 5m tall, with an open canopy or scrub
that is not dense (Caravaggi et al. 2020; Hardey et al. 2013; Irwin et al. 2012). The improved agricultural grassland and
hedgerows and treelines on-site provide no suitable habitat for breeding or roosting Hen Harrier. The land surrounding
the site consists of similar habitats, again not providing any suitable habitat for the species. The Slieve Beagh SPA is
one of few strongholds of breeding Hen Harrier in the country. A 2021 report on breeding Hen Harrier across SPAs in
Ireland confirmed three breeding pairs of Hen Harrer in the Slieve Beagh SPA with two pairs successfully fledging one
chick each (HHP, 2021). The third nest in the SPA failed due to disturbance from turf cutting and illegal burning (HHP,
2021). A confirmed sighting of a male Hen Harrier was recorded in March 2020 (NBDC, 2023). The 1km grid reference
given for the sighting is just over 1km northwest of the proposed development site. Considering the time of year that
the sighting was recorded it is likely that the male bird was scouting for or establishing a territory and/or searching for
females (Hardey et al. 2013). It was concluded that Hen Harrier may occur very infrequently on-site when establishing
a territory, hunting or roaming during the non-breeding season. Considering that there is no suitable breeding habitat
for Hen Harrier within 1km of the proposed site, the risk of the development causing disturbance or displacement to
breeding Hen Harrier is low. The minimum recommended distance of construction works from a nest site to avoid
disturbance to breeding Hen Harrier is 1km (Ruddock & Whitfield, 2007).
Other species that have historically been confirmed as breeding in the Slieve Beagh SPA include Merlin and Red
Grouse. No suitable habitat for either species was recorded on-site or in the area of the proposed development. It is
unknown if Merlin are currently still breeding in the SPA, however the Bird Atlas 2009-2011 confirmed records of the
species in the area of the SPA during the breeding season (Balmer et al. 2013). Even if Merlin are breeding in the SPA,
the proposed development is not likely to disturb or displace them and based on their limited home range they are
not likely to travel as far as the site (Hardey et al. 2013).
No species of raptor were observed during the survey. No breeding sites or territories of any other species of raptor
were recorded on-site or in the surrounding area. No suitable breeding habitat for Buzzards or Sparrowhawks were
identified in the area as there was an apparent lack of mature trees. Suitable habitat may exist in the wider landscape
such as inside the SPA. Any potential nest sites for Barn owl were assessed as being only low-moderately suitable and
therefore were not investigated further and were assumed not likely to hold an active nest.
No species of wading bird was observed on-site or during the driven transect. The proposed development site and the
surrounding sites are agricultural land, primarily used for high intensity livestock grazing, not suitable habitat forRECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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wader, particularly breeding waders. Waders typically breed in upland peatlands, heaths and rough pastures,
preferably with many densely vegetated drains.
Post construction monitoring measures are recommended regardless of the predicted risk to local bird population.
Standard post construction measures for a development such as this would include fatality monitoring and possibly
flight activity surveys. These measures would be conducted for 2 years post completion of the development. Fatality
monitoring is completed as least once a quarter each year and consists of walked transects beneath the rotor swept
area of the turbine looking for bird carcasses. Alternatively the fatality monitoring shall be conducted by carcass
detection canines which have been proven considerably more effective at detecting fatalities. The results of the post
construction monitoring shall inform the likely impacts if the development on the local bird populations. The results
will also be relayed to the appropriate local authorities.
No bird species listed under Annex I of the EU Birds Directive (2009/147/EC) were recorded during this bird survey,
and no potential or suspected breeding sites for any Annex I species were identified within the study area. In summary
the proposed development is not predicted to have a significant effect on the local bird populations, which is to say
the development will not undermine the long-term distribution or abundance of the bird populations are the relevant
geographical scale, particularly the local Hen Harrier population. RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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Section 5: REFERENCES
Balmer, D.E., Gillings, S., Caffrey, B.J., Swann, R.L., Downie, I.S. & Fuller, R.J. (2013). Bird Atlas 2007-11: The breeding
and wintering birds of Britain and Ireland. BTO Books, Thetford.
BirdLife Internationl, (2003). Windfarms and Birds: An analysis of the effects of windfarms on birds, and guidance on
BOT, (2015). The Barn Owl Trust Wind Turbine Position Statement. The Barn Owl Trust. Devon, UK.
Brown, A. F. & Shepard K. B. (2009) A method for censusing upland breeding waders. Bird Study, 40:3, 189-195.
BWI, (2017). Technical Report for Transport Infrastructure Ireland: Barn Owl Surveying Standards for National Road
Projects. BirdWatch Ireland.
Caravaggi, A., Irwin, S., Lusby, J., Ruddock, M., Mee, A., Nagle, T., O'Toole, L., O'Neill, S. and O'Halloran, J. (2020)
Anthropogenic pressures within the breeding range of the Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus in Ireland. Bird Study,
66(4), pp. 461-470.
Colhoun, K., Flannelly, F., O’Neill, J., Phelan, E., Servignat, H., O’Donoghue, B. & Kelly, S. (2022) Status and
distribution of breeding Eurasian Curlew in Ireland 2021. Irish Wildlife Manuals, No. 138. National Parks and
Wildlife Service, Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, Ireland.
Colhoun, K., Mawhinney, K. and Peach W.J. (2015) Population estimates and changes in abundance of breeding
waders in Northern Ireland up to 2013. Bird Study, 62:3, 394-403
Crowe, O., Wilson, J., Aznar, I. & More, S.J. (2009) A review of Ireland’s waterbirds, with emphasis on wintering
migrants and reference to H5N1 avian influenza. Irish Veterinary, 12: 800-811.
Cummins, S., Fisher, J., McKeever, R.G., McGaghten, L. & Crowe O. (2010). Assessment of the distribution and
abundance of Kingfisher Alcedo atthis and other riparian birds on six SAC river systems in Ireland. National
Parks & Wildlife Services, Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage.
EEA, (2022) Standard Data Form: Slieve Beagh SPA. European Environmental Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark.
EPA, (2023). EPA Maps. European Protection Agency. Available Online at: https://gis.epa.ie/EPAMaps/default
Fitzgerald, N., Burke, B. & Lewis, L. J. (2021) Irish Wetland Bird Survey: Results of waterbird monitoring in Ireland in
2016/17 and 2017/18. BirdWatch Ireland, Wicklow.
Gilbert, G., Stanbury, A. & Lewis, L. (2021). Birds of Conservation Concern in Ireland 4: 2020-2026. Irish Birds 43: 1-22.
Hardey, J., Crick, H., Wernham, C., Riley, H., Etheridge, B. & Thompson, D. (2013). Raptors: a field guide to survey and
monitoring, 3rd Edition. The Stationery Office, Edinburgh.
Irwin, S., Wilson, M., O’Donoghue, B., O’Mahony, B., Kelly, T. & O’Halloran, J. (2012) Optimum scenarios for Hen
Harrier conservation in Ireland: Final Report. Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine.
JNCC, (2004). Common Standards Monitoring Guidance for Birds. Joint Nature Conservation Committee.
Peterborough, UK.
Lauder, A. & Lauder, C. (2020) Identification of breeding waterbird hotspots in Ireland. Irish Wildlife Manuals, No.
129. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, Ireland.
Lewis, L., Burke, B., Fitzgerald, N., Tierney, D., & Kelly, S. (2019). Irish Wetland Bird Survey: Waterbird Status and
Distribution 2009/10-2015/16. Irish Wildlife Manuals, No. 106. National Parks and Wildlife Service,
Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Ireland.
Lusby J. & O’Clery M. (2014). Barn Owls in Ireland: Information on the ecology of Barn Owls and their conservation in
Ireland. BirdWatch Ireland. RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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Lusby, J., O’Brien, I., Lauder, A., Wilson-Parr, R., Breen, D., Cummins, S. & Tierney, D. (2022). Survey of breeding
Merlin in the Special Protection Area network 2018. Irish Wildlife Manuals, No. 139. National Parks and
Wildlife Service, Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, Ireland.
Mc Guinness, S., Muldoon, C., Tierney, N., Cummins, S., Murray, A., Egan, S. & Crowe, O. (2015). Bird Sensitivity
Mapping for Wind Energy Developments and Associated Infrastructure in the Republic of Ireland. BirdWatch
Ireland, Kilcoole, Wicklow.
NBDC, (2023). Biodiversity Maps, National Biodiversity Data Centre. Available at:
https://maps.biodiversityireland.ie/Map
NPWS, (2012). Site Synopsis: Slieve Beagh SPA 004167. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Arts,
Heritage and the Gaeltacht.
NPWS, (2016). Conservation Objectives: Slieve Beagh SPA 004167. Version 1. National Parks and Wildlife Service,
Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage.
NPWS, (2023). Lough Oughter (853) Ramsar Information Sheet. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of
Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.
O’Donoghue, B.G., Casey, M.J., Malone, E., Carey, J.G.J, Clarke, D. & Conroy, K. (2020). Recording and Addressing
Persecution and Threats to Our Raptors (RAPTOR): a review of incidents 2007–2019. Irish Wildlife Manuals,
No. 126. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage,
Ireland.
Ruddock, M., Mee, A., Lusby, J., Nagle, A., O’Neill, S. & O’Toole, L. (2016). The 2015 National Survey of Breeding Hen
Harrier in Ireland. Irish Wildlife Manuals, No. 93. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Arts,
Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Ireland.
Shawyer, C. R. (2011). Barn Owl Tyto alba Survey Methodology and Techniques for use in Ecological Assessment:
Developing Best Practice in Survey and Reporting. IEEM, Winchester.
Silva-Monteiro, M., Pehlak, H., Fokker, C., Kingma, D. K. (2021). Habitats supporting wader communities in Europe
and relations between agricultural land use and breeding densities: A review. Global Ecology and
Conservation 29.
SNH (2016a). Guidance: Assessing Connectivity with Special Protection Areas (SPAs). Version 3. Scottish Natural
Heritage.
SNH (2016b). Guidance: Assessing the impact of small-scale wind energy proposals on the natural heritage. Version
3. Scottish Natural Heritage.
SNH (2017). Guidance: Recommended bird survey methods to inform impact assessment of onshore windfarms.
Version 2. Scottish Natural Heritage.
The Birds Directive, (2009). Council Directive 2009/147/EC on the Conservation of wild birds. The European Union.
The Habitats Directive, (1992). Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna
and flora. The European Union.
Thirgood, S. & Redpath, S. (2008). Hen harriers and red grouse: science, politics and human -wildlife conflict. Journal
of Applied Ecology. Vol 45. Pg 1550-1554.
Wilson, M.W., Fernandez-Bellon, D., Irwin, S. and O’Halloran, J. (2017). Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus population trends
in relation to wind farms. Bird Study. Vol 64, No. 1. Pg 20-29. RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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Section 6: APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Survey Summaries
Table 1. Bird species recorded on-site.
Bird species recorded during the Phase 1 Habitat Survey
Common Name Scientific Name Designations/Conservation Status
Black-billed Magpie Pica pica Green List
Common Blackbird Turdus merula Green List
Woodpigeon Columba palumbus Green List
Rook Corvus frugilegus Green List
Eurasian Jackdaw Corvus monedula Green List
Hooded Crow Corvus cornix Green List
Swallow Hirundo rustica Amber List
Robin Erithacus rubecula Green List
Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis Green List
House Sparrow Passer domesticus Amber List
Table 2. Protected bird species recorded in the 10km2 grid ‘H53’ from NBDC.
Protected Bird species recorded in 10km2 in the last 20 years
Common & Scientific Name Designations/Conservation Status
Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Barn Owl (Tyto alba) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List
Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List
Common Coot (Fulica atra)
Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU
Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >>
Annex III, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation
Common Grasshopper Warbler
(Locustella naevia)
Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Common Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis)
Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU
Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Common Linnet (Carduelis cannabina) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Common Pheasant (Phasianus
colchicus)
Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU
Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >>
Annex III, Section I Bird Species
Common Pochard (Aythya ferina)
Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU
Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >>
Annex III, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago)
Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU
Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >>
Annex III, Section III Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Common Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Common Swift (Apus apus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Common Tern (Sterna hirundo)
Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU
Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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Protected Bird species recorded in 10km2 in the last 20 years
Common & Scientific Name Designations/Conservation Status
Common Wood Pigeon (Columba
palumbus)
Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU
Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >>
Annex III, Section I Bird Species
Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata)
Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU
Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation
Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern -
Red List
Eurasian Teal (Anas crecca)
Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU
Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >>
Annex III, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer
montanus)
Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Eurasian Woodcock (Scolopax
rusticola)
Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU
Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >>
Annex III, Section III Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps
cristatus)
Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus)
Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU
Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List
House Martin (Delichon urbicum) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Lesser Black-backed Gull (Larus fuscus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)
Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU
Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >>
Annex III, Section I Bird Species
Merlin (Falco columbarius)
Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU
Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Mew Gull (Larus canus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Mute Swan (Cygnus olor) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus)
Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU
Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation
Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern -
Red List
Red Grouse (Lagopus lagopus)
Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU
Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >>
Annex III, Section I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List
Sand Martin (Riparia riparia) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Sky Lark (Alauda arvensis) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Spotted Flycatcher (Muscicapa striata) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Stock Pigeon (Columba oenas) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula)
Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU
Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >>
Annex III, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Water Rail (Rallus aquaticus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List
Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus)
Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU
Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern ||
Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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Appendix 2: Figures
Figure 4. Subject site location map. RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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Figure 5. Site layout of proposed development and Hydrological Characteristic within the Surrounding Area. RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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Figure 6. 15km buffer and Nature 2000 network. RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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Figure 7. Bird Sensitivity to Wind Energy Mapping of proposed site (BWI, 2023). RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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Appendix 3. PHOTOGRAPHS
Photograph 1: Improved agricultural grassland (GA1) at proposed turbine location. RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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Photograph 2: Hedgerows (WL1) along western boundary along public road (left). RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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Photograph 3: Hedgerow (WL1) and treeline (WL2) on the eastern site boundary.
Photograph 4: Hedgerow (WL1) and treeline (WL2) on the eastern site boundary. RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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Photograph 5: GA1, BL3, WL1 & WL2 surrounding the site (looking northwest).
Photograph 6: Southwest corner of the site with BL3 & residential dwelling obscured by trees (right). RECEIVED: 26/05/2026
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Photograph 7: Large agricultural buildings (BL3) northeast of the site RECEIVED: 26/05/2026