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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2659 - Site Assessment ReportE1iItTiII MON. CO. CO. FOR PLANNING SECTION 01 JUL SEAMUS McKENNA, SEAVEAGH, GLASLOUGH, __ CO MONAGHAN. �'LgNNN' NG SECTION 1 JUL 4L ON. CO. CO. NNING SECTION REG. NO PLANNING DEPARTMENT REF. NO. MONAGHAN CO. COUNCIL flEN iEF. 0. 1`11°26/ b I�f0NAF llm N CO. C+O,. UN IL •"VQ 'b4EEJ"'2 SITE CHARACTERISATION FORM COMPLETING THE FORM Note: This form requires the latest version of Adobe Acrobat Reader and on PC's Windows 7 or later. Windows XP produces errors in calculations Step 1: Goto Menu Item File, Save As and save the file under a reference relating to the client or the planning application reference if available. Clear Form Use the Clear Form button to clear all information fields. Notes: All calculations in this form are automatic. Where possible information is presented in the form of drop down selection lists to eliminate potential errors. Variable elements are recorded by tick boxes. In all cases only one tick box should be activated. All time record fields must be entered in twenty four hour format as follows: HH:MM All date formats are DD-MM-YYYY. All other data fields are in text entry format. This form can be printed out fully populated for submission with related documents and for your files. It can also be submitted by email. Section 3.2 In this section use an underline across all six columns to indicate the depth at which changes in classification / characteristics occur. Section 3.4 Lists supporting documentation required. Section 4 Select the treatment systems suitable for this site and the discharge route. Section 5 Indicate the system type that it is proposed to install. Section 6 Provide details, as required, on the proposed treatment system. APPENDIX A: SITE CHARACTERISATION FORM File Reference: Seamus McKenna, Seaveagh, Glaslough Prefix: Mr First Name: Seamus Surname: McKenna Address: Site Location and Townland: Seaveagh, Glaslough, Co Monaghan. Number of Bedrooms: 2 Maximum Number of Residents: 4 Comments on population equivalent There are 2 double bedrooms which will equate to four adults. Proposed Water Supply: Mains Private Well/Borehole Soil Type, (Specify Type): I Acid brown earth. AminDW Limestone till TLs Subsoil, (Specify Type): Group Well/Borehole Bedrock Type: DSL Aquifer Category: Regionally Important Locally Important LI Poor Vulnerability: Extreme High ✓❑ Moderate Low Groundwater Body: Aughnacloy Status Good Name of Public/Group Scheme Water Supply within 1 km: Glaslough / Tyholland GWS Source Protection Area: ZOC ❑ SI SO ❑ Groundwater Protection Response: R1 jjj Presence of Significant Sites (Archaeological, Natural & Historical): Past experience in the area: None lone Comments: (Integrate the information above in order to comment on: the potential suitability of the site, potential targets at risk, and/or any potential site restrictions). The site is potentially suitable as there appears to be no restrictions to the on -site treatment of domestic effluent. Surface water and ground water could be targets at risk. Note: Only information available at the desk study stage should be used in this section. ASSESSMENT 3.1 Visual Assessment Landscape Position: Near base of North -Easterly facing slope. Slope: Steep (>1:5) ❑ Shallow (1:5-1:20) ❑✓ Relatively Flat (<1:20) Slope Comment ABOUT 1: 10 Surface Features within a minimum of 250m (Distance To Features Should Be Noted In Metres) Houses: Derelict house on the site for renovation for which this site characterisation is required. Home dwelling house 50m East South -East. Existing Land Use: Agricultural grassland. Vegetation Indicators: Grass, thistles and docs. Groundwater Flow Direction Ground Condition: Firm during a spell of wet weather. Site Boundaries: Mature hedges all around. Expected North-East. 3.1 Visual Assessment (contd.) Roads: Local road along North-East boundary hedge. Outcrops (Bedrock And/Or Subsoil): None Ri irfare Water Pondina: None Lakes: Shelvins Lough 630m South-West. Beaches/Shellfish Areas: None Wetlands: None Features: None rcourses/Streams:* Blackwater river 36m across road to the North-East. *Note and record water level 3.1 Visual Assessment (contd.) Drainage Ditches:* No ditch within 50m. Springs:* None within 100m Wells:* None within 100m Comments: (Integrate the information above in order to comment on: the potential suitability of the site, potential targets at risk, the suitability of the site to treat the wastewater and the location of the proposed system within the site). The site was in very good condition Underfoot with the assessment being carried out during wet weather. *Note and record water level 3.2 Trial Hole (should be a minimum of 2.1m deep (3m for regionally important aquifers)) To avoid any accidental damage, a trial hole assessment or percolation tests should not be undertaken in areas which are at or adjacent to significant sites, (e.g. NHAs, SACS, SPAS, and/or Archaeological etc.), without prior advice from National Parks and Wildlife Service or the Heritage Service. Depth of trial hole (m): 2.0 Depth from ground surface Depth from ground surface to bedrock (m) (if present): 2.0 to water table (m) (if present): U Depth of water ingress: [I Rock type (if present): I Limestone shale Date and time of excavation: 03 -Apr -2026 II 10:301 Date and time of examination: 05 -Apr -2026 10:00 Depth of Surface and Subsurface Soil/Subsoil Percolation Texture & Plasticity and Soil Density/ Colour**** Preferential Tests Classification" dilatancy*** Structure Compactness flowpaths 0.1 m I 0.2 m 0 0.3 m I 0.4 m S[ l 0.5 m 0 0.6 m J 0.7 rn 0.8m SS 0.9m 0 1.0m I 1.lml__ 1.2m I 1.3m l� 1.4 m 0 1.5m li 1.6 m I 1.7m I 1.8m 0 1.9m 0 2.oml___ 2.1 m I 2.2m r 2.3 m I 2.4m 2.5 m 0 2.6m I 2.7m I 2.8m I 2.9 m 0 3.0m I 3.1 m 0 3.2 m 0 3.3 m I 3.4m rI 3.5m1___ SILT / CLAY 2 threads-60mm CRUMB SOFT BROWN GRASS ROOTS TOP SOIL ribbons — dilatant SILY / CLAY 3 threads - 70mm SUBSOIL ribbons-dilatant BLOCKY UNCOMPACT PALE NONE BROWN Base of trial hole 2.0m SHALE ROCK AT 2.0M Likely Subsurface Percolation Value: 30 Likely Surface Percolation Value: 20 Note: Depth of percolation test holes should be indicated on log above. ('Enter Surface or Subsurface at depths as appropriate). See Appendix E for BS 5930 classification. 3 samples to be tested for each horizon and results should be entered above for each horizon. "" All signs of mottling should be recorded. 3.2 Trial Hole (contd.) Evaluation: The trial hole was 2.0m deep with two distinct layers. Top -soil that was crumb in nature and below that silt / clay sub -soil that was pale brown in colour and blocky in nature. All the soil was well aerated with no yellow or blue clay. There was no water table visible. Shale rock encountered at 2.0m. 3.3(a) Subsurface Percolation Test for Subsoil Step 1: Test Hole Preparation Percolation Test Hole 1 [C] Depth from ground surface 400 400 400 to top of hole (mm) (A) Depth from ground surface 800 800 800 to base of hole (mm) (B) Depth of hole (mm) [B - A] 400 400 400 Dimensions of hole 280 x 280 290 x 290 290 x 280 [length x breadth (mm)] II Step 2: Pre -Soaking Test Holes Pre-soak start Date 03 -Apr -2026 03 -Apr -2026 03 -Apr -2026 Time 13:30 13:30 13:30 2nd pre-soak Date 04 -Apr -2026 04 -Apr -2026 LII 04 -Apr -2026 start Time 14:00 4:00 14:00 Each hole should be pre-soaked twice before the test is carried out. Step 3: Measuring T100 Percolation Test Hole No. 1 2 3 Date of test 05-04-2026 05-04-2026 05-04-2026 Time filled to 400 mm 10:00 10:00 10:00 Time water level at 300 mm 10:50 10:50 11:00 Time (min.) to drop 100 mm (T,,)II 50.00 50.00 60.00 Average T,� 53.33 If T1 > 480 minutes then Subsurface Percolation value >120 - site unsuitable for discharge to ground If T1 < 210 minutes then go to Step 4; If T100 > 210 minutes then go to Step 5; Step 4: Standard Method (where T100 ≤ 210 minutes) Percolation Test Hole 1 2 3 Fill no. Start Finish At (min) Time Time Start Finish At (min) Time Time Start Finish At (min) Time Time (at 300 (at 200 mm) mm) (at 300 (at 200 mm) mm) (at 300 (at 200 mm) mm) 1 10:50 12:00 70 10:50 12;10 80 11:00 12:20 80 2 I 12:00)!13:30 90 I 12:10)!13:50 100 I 12:201114:1 110 3 Average At I 13:30 15j 140 13:50 16:20 150 14:10!)16:40 150 Ll00.00 110.00 113.33 Value Average At/4 = [Hole No.1] I 25.00 (t,) Average At/4 = [Hole No.2] 27.50 (t2) Average At/4 = [Hole No.3] I 28.33)(t3) Result of Test: Subsurface Percolation Value = 26.944444444444443 (min/25 mm) Comments: The T test was a pass and this soil should be suitable for percolating effluent from an advanced treatment system. Step 5: Modified Method (where T100> 210 minutes) Percolation Test Hole No. Fall of water in hole (mm) Time Factor =T, Start Time hh:mm Finish Time hh:mm Time of fall (mins) =Tm K,s = T, /Tm L=4.,41.5 300 -250 8.1 0.00 I0 250 -200 I9J 00 200- 150 11.9 =� 0.0011 150-100 14.1 00 0.0011 Average T- Value T- Value Hole 1 = (T, ) I 0.00 Percolation Test Hole No. 3 Fall of water Time Start Finish Time Ks T - in hole (mm) Factor Time Tim§e of fall = T, Value =T, hh:mm hh:mm (mins) /T� =4.45 =T, 300 - 250 I 8.1 lI 0.00 P_I0 250 - 200 9.7 0 0.00 = 0� 200 -150 11.9 00 0.00 �� 150-100 I 14.1 0 0.00 _= Percolation Test Hole No. 2 Fall of water in hole (mm) Time Factor = T, Start Time hh:mm Finish Time hh:mm Time of fall (mins) = Tm K,s = T, / T, T - Value = 4.45 /K5 300 - 250 8.1 I0 0.00 jI 250-200 P9.7 0.00 I� 200-150 11.9 =� 0.00ft = 150-100 14.1 =0 0.0011= Average T- Value T- Value Hole 2 = (T2) 0.00 Result of Test: Subsurface Percolation Value = 01 (min/25 mm) Comments: Average I T- Value T- Value Hole 3 = (T2) 0.00 I� 3.3(b) Surface Percolation Test for Soil Step 1: Test Hole Preparation Percolation Test Hole 1 2 3 Depth from ground surface ii to top of hole (mm) I II Depth from ground surface LI 400 400 400 to base of hole (mm) Depth of hole (mm) 400 400 400 Dimensions of hole [length x breadth (mm)] 300 x 300 280 x 280 290 x 280 Step 2: Pre -Soaking Test Holes Pre-soak start Date Time 2nd pre-soak Date start Time 03 -Apr -2026 13;35 04 -Apr -2026 14:05 03 -Apr -2026 13:35 04 -Apr -2026 14:05 Each hole should be pre-soaked twice before the test is carried out. 03 -Apr -2026 r- 13:35 04 -Apr -2026 14:05 Step 3: Measuring T100 1 2 3 Percolation Test Hole No. I II II 05 -Apr -26 05 -Apr -26 05 -Apr -2026 Date of test 10:0511 10:05 10:05 Time filled to 400 mm 10:50 10:55 10:55 Time water level at 300 mm 1 45.00 50.00 50.00 Time to drop 100 mm (f10o) 48.33 Average T100 If T100 > 480 minutes then Surface Percolation value >90 — site unsuitable for discharge to ground If T1oo ≤ 210 minutes then go to Step 4; If T100 > 210 minutes then go to Step 5; Step 4: Standard Method (where T,00 ≤ 210 minutes) Percolation Test Hole 1 2 3 Fill no. Start Finish AT (min) Time Time Start Finish AT (min) Time Time Start Finish AT (min) Time Time (at 300 (at 200 mm) mm) (at 300 (at 200 mm) mm) (at 300 (at 200 mm) mm) 1 10:50 11:50 60.00 10:55j ij 65.00 10:55 12:10 75.00 2 11:50 13:10 80.00 12:10 13:30 8j 0 13:40 90.00 3 AT 13:10 15:15 125.00 13:30 15:35 125.00 13:40 15:55 135.00 88.33 90.00 100.0 Valuege Average AT/4 = [Hole No.1] 1 22.081(T1) Average AT/4 = [Hole No.2] 1 22.50J(T2) Average AT/4 = [Hole No.3] 25.00 (T3; Result of Test: Surface Percolation Value = 23.191 (min/25 mm) (:r mmentc• Ehe topsoil at this site is of good quality and may be used if required to make the percolation area level. Step 5: Modified Method (where T,op > 210 minutes) Percolation Test Hole No. Fall of water in hole (mm) Time Factor = T, Start Time hh:mm Finish. Time hh:mm Time of fall (mins) = Tm K = T, / T T- Value /K, 300-250 L8.1 iii�I 200 9.7 0.00 �I 250 - 200- 150 Iii.g 0.0011 I 150-100 0.00 � .1 14F—Ir ! Average T- Value T Value Hole 1 = (T1) LQQi Percolation Test Hole No. 3 Fall of water in hole (mm) Time Factor =T, Start Time hh:mm Finish Time hh:mm Time of fall (mins) =T= K = T, /Tm T - Value =4.45 / K„ 300 - 250 I 8.1 0.00 l 111111 250 -200 0.00 == 200 - 150 FIF1I I 0.00 != 150-100 14.1 iii= 0.00 p= Average . T- Value T- Value Hole 3 = (T2) 0.00 Percolation Test Hole No. 2 Fall of water in hole (mm) Time Factor =T1 Start Time hh:mm Finish Time hh:mm Time of fall (mins) =T K„ = T, /T,, T - Value = 4.45 /K„ 300 -250 8.1 0.00 00 250 - 200 9.7 ___I 0.00 0� 200-150 I 11.9 00I 0.0011 150-100 14.1 00I 0.00 Average T- Value T- Value Hole 2 = (T2) To.oi0 Result of Test: Surface Percolation Value = o (min/25 mm) Comments: 3.4 The following associated Maps, Drawings and Photographs should be appended to this site characterisation form. Discovery Series 1:50,000 Map indicating overall drainage, groundwater flow direction and housing density in the area. 2. Supporting maps for vulnerability, aquifer classification, soil, subsoil, bedrock. 3. North point should always be included. 4. (a) Scaled sketch of site showing measurements to Trial Hole location and (b) Percolation Test Hole locations, (c) wells and (d) direction of groundwater flow (if known), (e) proposed house (incl. distances from boundaries) (f) adjacent houses, (g) watercourses, (h) significant sites (i) and other relevant features. 5. Site specific cross sectional drawing of the site and the proposed layout' should be submitted. 6. Photographs of the trial hole, test holes and site including landmarks (date and time referenced). 7. Pumped design must be designed by a suitably qualified person. The calculated percolation area or polishing filter area should be set out accurately on the site layout drawing in accordance with the code of practice's requirements. Integrate the information from the desk study and on -site assessment (i.e. visual assessment, trial hole and percolation tests) above and conclude the type of system(s) that is (are) appropriate. This information is also used to choose the optimum final disposal route of the treated wastewater. Slope of proposed infiltration / treatment area: 1:10 Are all minimum separation distances met? L= ' Depth of unsaturated soil and/or subsoil beneath invert of gravel (or drip tubing in the case of drip dispersal system) 0.90 Percolation test result: Surface: 23.19 Not Suitable for Development I Identify all suitable options Septic tank system (septic tank and No percolation area) (Chapter 7) Secondary Treatment System (Chapters 8 and 9) and soil polishing filter Yes (Section 10.1) 3. Tertiary Treatment System and Infiltration / Yes treatment area (Section 10.2) Sub -surface: 26.94 Suitable for Development ED Discharge Route t Groundwater Propose to install: Secondary Treatment System and soil polishing filter and discharge to: Ground Water 0 Invert level of the trench/bed gravel or drip tubing (m) 0.0 Site Specific Conditions (e.g. special works, site improvement works testing etc. Mechanical aeration system and a soil polishing filter to be installed and constructed to EPA 2021 specifications. I recommend 40m of percolation trench in the soil polishing filter consisting of 4 lengths of trench each measuring 10m. The invert of the percolation trenches should be at 0.6m with 0.9m pervious unsaturated soil below to ensure proper polishing of the final effluent. The percolation area shall measure 12m x 10m. Ensure that the final effluent from the mechanical aeration system is distributed evenly to each of the four percolation trenches. It is important to ensure that the percolation trenches and related pipe work are put in at the correct slope especially as the site is on a slope. A surface water drain measuring 1m deep shall be employed (min 2m away) up -slope from the soil polishing filter to divert surface water away from the percolation area and to prevent the water table rising in wet weather. NOTE: It is very important to ensure that the aeration pump remains on at all times on the mechanical aeration system or otherwise the system will revert to septic conditions causing odors and poorer quality effluent which may lead to clogging of the percolation trenches. ' A discharge of sewage effluent to "waters" (definition includes any or any part of any river, stream, lake, canal, reservoir, aquifer, pond, watercourse or other inland waters, whether natural or artificial) will require a licence under the Water Pollution Acts 1977-90. Refer to Section 2.4. SYSTEM TYPE: Septic Tank Systems (Chapter 7) Tank Capacity (m3) Percolation Area Mounded Percolation Area No. of Trenches No. of Trenches Length of Trenches (m) [__iJ Length of Trenches (m) Invert Level (m) 0.60 Invert Level (m) SYSTEM TYPE: Secondary Treatment System (Chapters 8 and 9) and polishing filter (Section 10.1) Secondary Treatment Systems receiving septic tank effluent Packaged Secondary (Chapter 8) Treatment Systems receiving raw wastewater (Chapter 9) Media Type Area (m2)* Depth of Filter Invert Level Type Sand/Soil LIII f�REATMENT SYSTEM Soil Capacity PE 4 Constructed Wetland Sizing of Primary Compartment Other 2 60 m3 Polishing Filter*: (Section 10.1) 2o.j Option 3 - Gravity Discharge 40.00 Surface Area (m2)* Trench length (m) Option 1 - Direct Discharge Option 4 - Low Pressure Surface area (m2) Pipe Distribution Option 2 - Pumped Discharge Trench length (m) Surface area (m2) Option 5 - Drip Dispersal Surface area (m2) SYSTEM TYPE: Tertiary Treatment System and infiltration / treatment area (Section 10.2) Identify purpose of tertiary Provide performance information Provide design information treatment demonstrating system will provide required treatment levels DISCHARGE ROUTE: Groundwater LII Hydraulic Loading Rate * (I/m2.d) 30.00 Surface Water ** ❑ Discharge Rate (m3/hr) 0.03 * Hydraulic loading rate is determined by the percolation rate of subsoil ** Water Pollution Act discharge licence required Surface area (m2) 20.00 QUALITY ASSURANCE: Installation & Commissioning System to be signed off by a suitably qualified person and recommendations in section 5.0 to be adhered to. Package treatment system must conform to EN 12566-3 standard. Package treatment system to be properly installed and certified by company supplying the system in accordance with the EPA 2021 code of practice. Keep records of desludging for five years. On -going Maintenance Desludge tank as recommended by manufacturer and periodically inspect the system for damage or surface ponding. Maintenance contract to be agreed by company supplying the package treatment system and contract must be adhered to so as to ensure that the system continues to function properly. Company: Biolabs Prefix: Mr 0 First Name: Michael Surname: Holohan Address ITERERA, SCOTSTOWN, CO. MONAGHAN Qualifications/Experience: GSI / EPA CERTIFIED Date of Report: 07 -Apr -2026 Phone: 0868169162 E-mail biolabsirl@outlook.com Indemnity Insurance Number: RPI-IE000946-00 Signature: CREIGHANS CORNAHOt: LOOARI SFAVEAGH LOOARI CORNAHOE Sit LIS IOOAR1 CREIGHANS DR DMA c,F LVIN Ilia\71 1 ItVPY, AI-Ff �1 WELLS AND BOREHOLES ADJACENT TO THE SITE MULLAGHBANE / CLONLEEK AGHALOUGHAN U Public Supply Source Protection Areas KILLYBOLE Y ■ SI-Inner Protection Area COOLCOLLID SO -Outer Protection Area BILLIS DOAGHEYS i HILLHALL ANNAGOLA \I CORNAHOE LOOART ANNAREAGH ( IGHAN SOUIH TIRAVERA SILLIS ANNAREAGHI LOOART i-( SOUTH f kN C CREIGHANS • 1 ,)'I FAULKLAND IINAVERA SE AV F_AGH C � CRUMI I•. DRUMAGELVIN r SHELVINS TERRYCAFFE CORVALLY DRUMGOOLE ''tR -� 77 CORBEG NI) KILLEEF ROWEY SKINNAGI'l IAMt AT I E11 RIM Klllyncdl KII I YNI SOURCE PROTECTION DATA (N/A) LOOART I OOAR I Sit I IS RIVERS AND LAKES AQUIFER CATEGORY LI VULNERABILITY HIGH BEDROCK DSL a ¼\ ! FE I ilUow 40� 4 n S y LL AERIAL VIEW OF PERCOLATION SITE TN SKETCH OF NEKCULAI IUIV AKtA INLLUUIIVCU SI I t JUKNUUI1U VIEWS OF DERILICT HOUSE FOR RENOVATION 4r Fr /TS a ,Y' I ,1 i-.•_ � � i�Y t a'l -yam►' • - i ;� e • r' l 1 4) OUTLINE SPECIFICATIONS FOR MOUNDED SOIL POLISHING FILTER 1. Treated effluent from the mechanical aeration sump unit shall be pumped intermittently or fed by gravity if the levels allow to the distribution chamber feeding the 4 percolation trenches. 2. The slope of the percolation trenches from the distribution chamber shall be 1 in 200 3. The length of each of the 4 percolation trenched shall be l0m. Total length 40m. 4. The separation distance between the percolation trenches shall be 2m (ie 2.5m centre to centre) 5. Percolation pipes shall be 100mm diameter smooth wall uPVC sewer pipes, perforated at 4, 6 and 8 o'clock. Perforations shall be 8mm diameter, at 75mm centre's along the pipe. Holes shall be checked before installation to ensure they are free from debris. 6. The width of each percolation trench shall be 500mm. 7. The depth of each percolation trench shall be 600mm below the ground surface. 8. Percolation pipes shall be laid on a 250mm bed of washed gravel, having particles in the range of 8 - 32mm. 9. Pipe surround shall be washed gravel, having particle size in the range 8 - 32mm. 10. Pipe cover shall be 150mm depth of washed gravel, having particle size in the range of 8 - 32mm. 11. Geotextile layer to be placed on top of this followed by 100mm topsoil to top of mound. 12. Geotextile shall be in accordance with EN ISO 10319. Access / inspection points and vents shall be provided for the ends of the percolation pipes. Covers shall be visible and installed to prevent the ingress of water. They should be suitable for rodding and scouring purposes. 13. A surface land drain 1m deep shall be employed upslope from the soil polishing filter and not closer than 2m to divert surface water away from it and to prevent the water table rising in this area during wet weather. SCHEDULE OF SITE SEPARATION DISTANCES PACKAGE TREATMENT SYSTEM . Minimum distance to any dwelling = 7m . Minimum distance to site boundary = 3m . Minimum distance to trees = 3m . Minimum distance to roads = 4m . Minimum distance to slope breaks = 10m . Minimum distance to watercourse / streams = 10m . Minimum distance to soakaway = 10m . Minimum distance to open drain = 10m . Minimum distance to lake or foreshore = 50m 6.3 EPA Code of Practice 2021 POLISHING FILTER . Minimum distance to any dwelling = 10m . Minimum distance to site boundary = 3m . Minimum distance to trees = 3m . Minimum distance to roads = 4m . Minimum distance to slope breaks = 10m . Minimum distance to water course / stream = 10m . Minimum distance to soakaway = 10m . Minimum distance to open drain = 10m . Minimum distance to lake or foreshore = 50m . Minimum distance to up -gradient well = 15m . Minimum distance well on same level = 30m . Minimum distance to down -gradient well = 40m able 6.1 EPA Code of Practice 2021 unless stated otherwise GROUND LEVEL TOPSOIL 100MM GEOTEXTILE LAYER 150MM WASHED STONE ABOVE PIPE 0.6M U 100MM PIPE 250MM WASHED STONE BELOW PIPE INVERT OF TRENCH SUBSOIL MIN 0.9M SHALE ROCK EACH TRENCH 500MM WIDE SECTION THROUGH SUBSOIL PERCOLATION SYSTEM