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Home My WebLink About2660018 - F.I. Received Doc. - EIAR - Appendix 11.5 Wintering Bird Survey Report AUGUST 2026 VOLUME III APPENDICES TO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT APPENDIX 11.5 WINTERING BIRD SURVEY REPORT Stream BioEnergy Ireland Limited RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Winter Bird Survey Report Proposed Renewable Biogas Plant Maghernakelly, Drum, County Monaghan Compiled by Veon Ecology, Aine O’Sullivan BSc (Hons) in Ecology and Environmental Biology. Prepared for: Stream BioEnergy Completion Date: 17th of November 2025 RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 General Details Details of Author(s) Name: Aine Osullivan Address: Oran Town Centre, Station Road, Oranmore, Co. Galway Company name: Veon Ltd. Veon Ecology Tel. no: M: +353 87 361 5024 E-mail: aosullivan@veon.ie Details of relevant qualifications: Aine O’Sullivan B.Sc. (Hons) in Ecology and environmental Biology UCC, CIEEM. Describe scope of contribution in preparing this report: Desktop Survey, Habitat Survey, Vantage point survey, Transect walkover (Bird), Ecological walkover. Ilan Farrell Ecologist, Veon Ecology Education, Qualifications: 2019 - 2023: Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Wildlife Biology (Munster Technological University) Experience: Ilan obtained his Bachelor of Science (Honours) degree in Wildlife Biology from Munster Technological University Kerry in 2023. Ilan completed a 12-week work placement with KRC Ecological Ltd as part of his bachelor’s degree. During this placement Ilan studied the local breeding population of Golden Plover (Pluvialis apricaria), a species of wader that is of particular conservation interest in Ireland. Ilan has practical experience in various ornithological survey types such as, vantage point watches, breeding bird surveys, and bird censuses. Ilan also has experience conducting Phase 1 walkover surveys, mammal surveys and habitat surveys. He also has experience in the completion of ecological reports and assessments, including Environmental Impact Assessment Reports (EIAR), Ecological Impact Assessment (EcIA), Appropriate Assessment (AA) and Natura Impact Statements (NIS). Veon Ltd. Veon Ecology Revision Description Author: Date Reviewed Date Authorised Date By: by: 1 Draft Report AOS 23/05/25 DM 2 Draft Report IF 17/11/2025 DP 17/11/2025 RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Section 1: Introduction 1.1 Overview Veon Ltd. (Veon Ecology) has been appointed by Stream BioEnergy Ireland Ltd. to carry out a winter bird survey for a Proposed Renewable Biogas Plant at Maghernakelly, Drum, County Monaghan (hereafter referred to as the proposed development). The proposed development will employ anaerobic digestion (AD) technology to process up to 99,000 tonnes of organic waste feedstocks annually, producing biomethane for injection into the national gas grid, nutrient-rich sustainable fertiliser as an alternative to synthetic fertilisers, and biogenic carbon dioxide (CO₂) for industrial applications, thereby supporting Ireland’s decarbonisation objectives. The site required to accommodate the proposed development is centred at ITM coordinates 658967, 818422 (Latitude: 54.109851, Longitude: -7.098526) and covers an area of approximately 6.2 hectares (ha). It is located between the L22802 (McKeever’s Road) on the western site boundary, the L2280 Drumcall Road on the northern site boundary and R189 on the eastern site boundary. Earthworks required to accommodate the proposed development will give rise to excess fill material from the site, which shall removed from the site by suitably authorised contractors and transported to an appropriately authorised soil recovery facility or other authorised receiving facility. The total area required for accommodating the proposed development is illustrated in Figure 1. 1.2 Aim of the Report This report provides a synopsis of the bird activity within the site itself and its surrounding environs (2km site radius) during the winter period with the following aims: • Collection of robust survey data following good practice guidelines to allow an assessment of the potential impacts of the proposed development on protected bird species and their supporting habitats; • Provision of baseline information with which the results of future monitoring surveys can be compared to, where appropriate; and • Facilitate the conservation of protected bird species.RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Section 2: Methodology and Report Structure 2.1 Desk Study A desktop study was carried out to collate historical information on bird species and supporting habitats within the study area and the surrounding environs. This information was obtained through the National Parks & Wildlife Service (NPWS) National Biodiversity Data Centre (NBDC). 2.2 Field Study The field study enc ompassed a dedicat ed winter bird survey undertaken once a month between October 2024 and February 2025. This consisted of two transect surveys, which is a method for sampling and measuring the abundance or distribution of birds by moving (walking) along a predefined linear route to evaluate habitats present on sit e and identification of any potential nesting, roosting or foraging habitat. The transect survey route is shown on Figure 2 and was followed for each of the monthly surveys. The field study also consisted of a 3-hour Vantage Point (VP) survey, which is an ornithological technique to assess bird flight activity and distribution over a survey are a. The survey involves a surveyor spending at least three hours at a pre-selected vantage point, recording the flight lines, behaviour, and numbers of target species to evaluate potential impacts on winter birds. In terms of survey limitations, foggy conditions during the November survey affected visibility (recorded up to 1 km distance from site). Overall, the field study focused on identifying supporting habitats for protected bird species and their presence within said habitats during the winter. 2.3 Habitat assessment A habitat assessment was carried out throughout the site following the guidelines contained in Best Practice Guidance for Habitat Survey and Mapping (Smith et al., 2011) and the Irish Heritage Council's 'A Guide to Habitats in Ireland' (Fossitt, 2000). All habitats that may have been utilised by protected bird species in the area were recorded along with their location. RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Section 3: Site and Surrounding Area Conditions 3.1 Site Location The Proposed Development is located at Maghernakelly, Drum, County Monaghan, approximately 4.2 km northwest of Cootehill, 11.2 km southeast of Clones, and 17.5 km south of Monaghan Town. It is accessible via the R189 regional road, which connects to the N54 at Monaghan Town to the north and the R188 at Dawson Grove Demesne near Cootehill to the south. The site spans approximately 6.2 ha across two fields of improved grassland (GA1) under active pastoral use, separated by a treeline (WL2). The field to the west of treeline largely encompasses approximately two thirds of the site, with the smaller field to the east largely encompassing the remaining third. The site is bordered by maintained hedgerows (WL1), dry drainage ditches (FW4) and on three sides by public roads: • R189 to the east; • L2280 to the north; and • L22802 (McKeever’s Road) to the west. The southern boundary through the larger field does not align with a distinct physical feature (e.g., ditch, hedgerow, treeline or road). The southern boundary through the smaller field extends to a tree lined hedgerow. Just beyond the southern boundary of the site is a farmyard (to the west) and residential property (to the east) both classified as built land (BL3), with further improved grassland (GA1) beyond. Overhead power lines traverse the site from east to west. The site’s topography slopes gently from the surrounding roads, rising more steeply to a high point in the south near the farmyard. Ground levels at the R189/L2280 junction and along adjacent roads range between 91.00 m and 95.50 m Above Ordnance Datum (AOD), while within the site, levels vary from 90.50 m to 111.75 m AOD, generally increasing from north to south. This topography suggests natural drainage towards the northeast. A deep, dry drainage ditch (FW4) along the northern field boundary conveys surface water runoff via a culvert under the R189 towards the Coolkill Lough Stream. This stream flows through small waterbodies (e.g., Coolkill Lough) and areas of poor drainage before joining the Dromore River at Cootehill. Based on EPA flood risk mapping (2024), the site is not at risk of flooding. RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Figure 1: Proposed Development Site Area RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Section 4: Project Description 4.1 The Proposed Development The Proposed Development involves the construction and operation of a renewable biogas plant utilising AD technology to process up to 99,000 tonnes per annum of organic waste feedstocks, primarily poultry litter and cattle manure sourced from the surrounding area. AD is a sustainable process in which micro-organisms break down biodegradable material in an enclosed, oxygen- free environment, producing renewable biogas. The AD process can be broadly divided into the following four main stages: • Feedstock Reception and Pre-Treatment: Organic waste feedstocks are delivered to the site, stored in enclosed reception areas, and pre-treated (e.g., shredded or mixed) to optimise digestion. • AD Treatment: Pre-treated feedstocks are fed into anaerobic digesters, where micro-organisms break down the material over several weeks, producing biogas . • Post-Treatment (Following Digestion): The resulting digestate is separated into solid and liquid fractions, with solids processed into fertiliser pellets and liquids recirculated . • Energy Generation and Use: Biogas is upgraded on-site to biomethane and injected into the national gas grid via a nearby connection, replacing fossil fuel-derived natural gas and contributing to Ireland’s renewable energy targets under the Climate Action Plan 2025. A Combined Heat and Power (CHP) unit utilises a portion of the biogas to generate electricity and heat for on -site use. The AD process also produces: • Nutrient-Rich Digestate: A biofertiliser suitable for use in agriculture and horticulture as a sustainable alternative to synthetic fertilisers, reducing reliance on chemical inputs. • Biogenic Carbon Dioxide (CO₂): Captured during biogas upgrading for industrial applications, such as food processing or greenhouse cultivation, replacing CO₂ derived from fossil fuel -intensive processes and supporting decarbonisation efforts. The facility will be a state-of-the-art, highly regulated plant incorporating best available technologies (BAT) and operating systems to ensure environmental protection and operational efficiency. It will include the following key components: • Administration building and main process building for AD operations. • Odour control system with associated emission stacks, including a multi-stage treatment process to minimise odours. • Bunded tank farm for secure storage of liquids. • Digestate treatment and drying plant for processing digestate into fertiliser pellets. • CHP units e n c l o s e d w i t h i n a b u i l d i n g a n d a b o i l e r u n i t , with an associated emission stack. • Biogas treatment plant, gas buffer dome, and biogas upgrade plant (BUP) for biomethane production. • CO₂ liquefaction plant and backup gas flare for safe combustion of excess biogas. • Gas grid entry unit for biomethane injection into the national gas grid. • Electricity sub-station building and transformer for grid connection. • Internal roads, footways, staff and visitor parking, weighbridges, and wheel washes to manage vehicle movements and prevent off-site sediment transfer. • Various storage tanks (e.g., chemical, fuel, fire water, and waste), all designed with secondary containment systems. • Engineered stormwater drainage system to manage surface water run-off. • Landscaping, external lighting, fencing, security gates, and a new site entrance off the R189, including localised road widening and realignment for safe access. RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 The plant will operate under an Industrial Emissions Licence (IEL) issued by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Environmental Protection Agency Act 1992 (as amended). The IEL will impose stringent regulatory controls, including emission limits, environmental performance reporting requirements, and regular EPA inspections, ensuring compliance with national and EU environmental standards (e.g., Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU). Stream BioEnergy is committed to proactive monitoring and collaboration with regulatory authorities to maintain the highest operational and environmental standards. 4.2 Construction Construction of the Proposed Development is expected to last up to two years and will follow procedures and best practices outlined in a site-specific Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP), which will be developed in accordance with EPA guidelines The site will require earthworks (cut and fill) to establish suitable levels for the integrated elements necessary for the plant’s operation. This will give rise to a surplus of material that will primarily be repurposed for use on site as landscape fill through the creation of an earth berm. However as detailed above, there will be the need for excess fill material to be removed offsite. Given the potential for mobilisation of suspended sediment during earthworks, this will be a primary focus of the CEMP, with measures: • and drainage systems, including foul and stormwater drainage. • Construction of concrete slabs and walls for building foundations and process areas. • Installation of main electrical cabling to support plant operations. • Erection of structural steelwork and cladding for buildings. • Installation of main equipment items, such as digesters, CHP units, and biogas upgrading systems. • Completion of electrical fit-out and commissioning of equipment. The final stages of construction will include the installation of hardstanding surfaces (e.g., internal roads, parking areas), landscaping with native species, and the erection of fencing and security gates. 4.3 Operation The operational phase involves the ongoing operation of the biogas plant, expected to commence following the completion of construction and commissioning, with a projected operational lifespan of at least 60 years. Key activities during this phase include: • Feedstock Delivery and Handling: Up to 99,000 tonnes per annum of organic waste feedstock will be delivered to the site via heavy goods vehicles (HGVs), primarily from local agricultural sources. Feedstock will be received in enclosed areas to minimise odour emissions. • AD Processing and Biomethane Production: Feedstocks will undergo anaerobic digestion in sealed digesters, producing biogas that is upgraded to biomethane for injection into the national gas grid. The process will be continuously monitored to ensure optimal performance and compliance with the IEL. • By-Product Management: Digestate will be processed into fertiliser pellets, whilst biogenic CO₂ will be liquefied and supplied to industrial/commercial users. Excess liquids from digestate treatment will be recirculated into the AD process. • Energy Generation: The CHP units will utilise a portion of the biogas to generate electricity and heat for on -site use. A backup gas flare will be used to safely combust excess biogas during maintenance or operational disruptions. • Maintenance and Monitoring: Regular maintenance of equipment, such as digesters, CHP units, and odour control systems, will be conducted to ensure operational efficiency. Continuous monitoring of emissions, noise, and water quality will be undertaken to comply with EPA requirements under the IEL. RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 4.3 Environmental Design Features and Best Practices The proposed development has been designed to incorporate environmental best practices and features that minimise potential impacts on the surrounding environment, in line with Irish and EU environmental standards. Key environmental design features include: • Surface Water Management: An engineered stormwater drainage system will collect and manage surface water run-off, directing it to designated attenuation areas to prevent uncontrolled discharge into nearby watercourses, such as the Coolkill Lough Stream (DROMORE_070 sub-basin). This system is designed to comply with Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) principles, reducing the risk of sediment or pollutant transport and will prioritise harvesting of water . • Emissions Control: A biofilter and odour control system will be installed to manage air emissions from the AD process, ensuring compliance with EPA air quality standards. A Backup gas flare is included to safely combust excess biogas, minimising greenhouse gas emissions. • Waste Management: All chemical, fuel, fire water, and waste storage tanks will be bunded with secondary containment systems to prevent spills or leaks, adhering to best practices for pollution prevention (e.g., EPA Guidelines on Storage and Transfer of Materials, 2023). Digestate will be processed on-site into fertiliser pellets, reducing the risk of uncontrolled nutrient run-off. • Traffic and Access: The new site entrance on the R189 includes road widening and realignment to ensure safe access for heavy goods vehicles (HGVs), minimising traffic-related disturbance to the surrounding area. Wheel washes will be installed to prevent the transfer of soil or debris onto public roads, reducing dust and sediment impacts. • Landscaping and Biodiversity: The project includes landscaping with native species to enhance local biodiversity and integrate the facility into the surrounding landscape. Existing hedgerows (WL1) and treelines (WL2) will be retained where possible to maintain ecological connectivity, in line with the All -Ireland Pollinator Plan 2021- 2025. • Energy Efficiency: The Combined Heat and Power (CHP) unit will utilise biogas to generate electricity and heat for on-site use, improving energy efficiency and reducing reliance on external energy sources, supporting Ireland’s Climate Action Plan 2025. These design features ensure that the proposed development aligns with environmental best practices, reducing the likelihood of impacts on environmental receptors. RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Section 5: Winter Bird Survey 4.1 Desk Study As set out previously, the desktop study was carried out to collate historical information on bird species and supporting habitats within the study area and the surrounding environs. This information was obtained through the National Parks & Wildlife Service (NPWS) National Biodiversity Data Centre (NBDC). Table 1 below sets out the species that have been recorded on the NBDC from 2001 onwards and their designations. Table 3 in Further Appendices sets out the same information for the 10km2 grid (H51) surrounding the site. Bird species recorded in 2km2 Common Name/Scientific Name Designations/Conservation Status Coot (Fulica atra) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Bir ds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea) Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Mute Swan (Cygnus olor) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Pochard (Aythya ferina) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Bir ds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Snipe (Gallinago gallinago) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section III Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Bir ds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Table 1. Bird species recorded within the 2km2 grid (H51Z) surrounding the site. RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 There are no Natura 2000s sites located within or close to the proposed development. There are however three Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) located within 15 km of the site. These are: • Kilroosky Lough Cluster SAC (001786): 12.2 km north -west (no hydrological pathway). • Magheraveely Marl Loughs SAC (UK0016621): 13 km north -west (no hydrological pathway). • Lough Oughter and Associated Loughs SAC (000007), 14.8 km south -west (established downstream hydrological pathway, though the distance to the SAC is approximately 40 km). More locally, there are proposed Natural Heritage Areas (pNHAs) in the area, with the nearest one being Drumgole Lough (001601), located approximately 910m north of the proposed development. Approximately 2,260m southeast of the proposed development lies a larger pNHA – Dromore Lakes (000001). Although these pNHAs are not afforded legal protection in the way that Natural Heritage Areas (NHAs) have been under the Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000, they remain important for wildlife and habitats. Additionally, they may yet be statutorily proposed as there is an ongoing process to formally designate some pNHAs as NHAs. Kilroosky Lough Cluster SAC consists of three separate areas which contain several calcium-rich, clean water (oligo- mesotrophic) lakes and their marginal fen vegetation. The QIs for the site are as follows: Hard water Lakes, Cladium Fens, Alkaline Fens and White-Clawed Crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes). Magheraveely Marl Loughs SAC is composed of six loughs of which three are intersected by the border with the Republic of Ireland. These lakes are characterised by the presence of calcium carbonate deposits which precipitated out of the calcium-rich water, produces marl loughs. Biological interest is related to the presence of vegetation which reflects these calcareous conditions. The loughs are surrounded by an inundation zone containing significant stands of alkaline fen vegetation. The QIs for the site are as follows: Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae, White-clawed (or Atlantic stream) crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes), Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp. and Alkaline fens. Lough Oughter and Associated loughs SAC is located in the lowland drumlin belt in north and central Cavan between Upper Lough Erne, Killeshandra and Cavan town. The site is a maze of waterways, islands, small lakes and peninsulas including some 90 inter-drumlin lakes and 14 basins in the course of the Erne River. The QIs of the site are as follows: Natural Eutrophic Lakes, Bog woodland and Otter (Lutra lutra). These European sites are SACs, therefore, they have not been designated for birds, nor have the habitats that are QIs for this site, been designated for supporting important populations of bird species. There is one Special Protection Area (SPA) located within 15 km and one within approximately 20 km of the site. These are: • Upper Lough Erne SPA (UK9020071): 11.4 km west; and • Lough Oughter Complex SPA (004049): 20.6 km to the south -west. The bird species designated for Lough Oughter Complex SPA include Great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus), Whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus), and Wigeon (Anas penelope). The site has also been designated for wetlands as a habitat. Of these three bird species, Great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus) and Whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus) have been recorded within the 2km grid square (H51) of the proposed development, and all three species have been recorded within 10km grid square (H51Z) of the proposed development (see Table 1). Using satellite imagery, the surrounding habitats were compared with the habitats of the SPA. It was found that the area surrounding the proposed development in Maghernakelly offers similar opportunities to Lough Oughter Complex SPA. The immediate and extended surroundings is largely agricultural land with lakes interspersed, however the size of the freshwater habitats surrounding Maghernakelly is smaller. RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Whooper swan is also a selected feature for the Upper Lough Erne SPA. It cannot be ruled out that the above-mentioned bird species do not use the surrounding area of the proposed development occasionally for migratory, feeding or breeding purposes. The habitat requirements for these species can extend far beyond these Natura sites. Wigeon and Great crested grebe are known to breed in lakes and other freshwater environments, and there have been some recordings of whooper swans breeding on lakes in the north-west and midlands of the country. All three species are also known to feed and overwinter near lakes and lowland agricultural land (www.birdwatchireland.ie, 2025). Such opportunities are provided in the surrounding lands of proposed development. 4.2 Field Study Habitat The site is predominantly GA1 (Improved Agricultural Grassland). The vegetation is dominated by common grass species, mainly rye grass (Lolium sp.) and Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), with common agricultural weeds, such as Nettle (Urtica dioica), Dock (Rumex obtusifolius) and Creeping Buttercup (Ranunculus repens) frequent throughout. This is of low biodiversity value to overwintering bird species. Hedgerows (WL1) and Treelines (WL2) are located throughout and adjacent to the proposed development site. The species found in these habitats included Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), Ash (Fraxinus excelsior), Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), Hazel (Corylus avellana), Bramble (Rubus fructicosus), Ivy (Hedera helix), Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum), Common Knapweed (Centaurea nigra), Gorse (Ulex ulex) and Bind Weed (Calystegia sepium). Though these habitats could provide possible nesting and roosting site for more passerine species overall due to their maintained nature and abundance in the surrounding lands these habitats would be of low biodiversity value to winter birds. The dry Drainage ditches (FW4) are located along field boundaries and as such has species spill over from the boundary hedgerow as well as additional species such as Great Hairy Willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum L.), Snowberry (Symphoricarpos Albus), Rye Grass (Lolium sp.), Yorkshire Fog (Holcus lanatus), Nettle (Urtica dioica), Dock (Rumex obtusifolius) and Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum). Due to its dry and exposed (uncovered) nature, these are considered of low biodiversity value. Additionally, due to the small size of these drainage ditches, there will be little use of them to the nearby qualifying interests – whooper swan, great crested grebe, and wigeon. Which prefer larger water bodies such as rivers and lakes. The site’s southern boundary is also bordered by some built land (BL3) comprising of a farm property (including yard, outbuildings, farmhouse, etc.) and residential property. Adjacent areas include farm tracks and active public roads to the north, east, and west, and improved grassland (GA1) south of the farmyard. Human activity within the farm and on the bordering roads increases the level of disturbance to wildlife, likely reducing the value of the area as an overwintering habitat for birds. The wider landscape is characterised by improved grassland interspersed with lakes, small woodland stands, and larger forestry to the east. No Annex I habitats (e.g., hard oligo-mesotrophic waters, natural eutrophic lakes) or Annex II species (e.g., otter, white-clawed crayfish) were recorded on-site during the surveys. No invasive species listed under European Union (Invasive Alien Species) Regulations 2024 (S.I. No. 374/2024) were identified. RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 In conclusion, these habitats would be considered low value habitats for wintering bird species. The services these habitats do provide would not be a major loss to wintering bird species as there are similar habitat compositions found in much of the local environs. Winter Bird species The majority of the winter bird species found on site were passerine bird species typical of the environment. Of these, none were Annex I species recorded under the EU habitats directive. There were four red listed IUCN species seen flying over the site, however, no signs of nesting (behaviours and/or dwellings) were observed on site. As such the site can be considered as one of little importance to the red listed species. Three-hour vantage point surveys were conducted on each site visit. Table 2 shows the results of these surveys. Target species for this survey included all IUCN red-listed bird species, all waterbird species, all waders and all raptors. Of these, Redwing, Grey wagtail and Meadow pipit were the only target species recorded actively within the site boundary. All other recorded target species were seen in the surrounding landscape (within 2km of the site). As such, redwing is the species of note from the above table due to is population size. Redwing were only recorded flying over the site with no active foraging being observed within the site. This transitory nature is further highlighted by the average height band of 20-40 metres in which they were recorded to be flying within. The following lists set out the species that were observed on site or within the surrounding area. Non-IUCN Species observed on site Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes), Robin (Erithacus rubecula), Blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), Great Tit (Parus major), Blackbird (Turdus merula), Pied wagtail (Motacilla alba), Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis), Hooded crow (Corvus cornix), Wood pigeon (Columba palumbus), Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs), Magpie (Pica pica), Black cap (Sylvia atricapilla), Coal tit (Periparus ater), Dunnock (Prunella modularis), Jackdaw (Coloeus monedula), Long tailed tit (Aegithalos caudatus), and Reed bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus). IUCN Listed Species Observed on Site Amber – Starling (Sturnus vulgaris), Goldcrest (Regulus regulus), House sparrow (Passer domesticus), Stonechat (Saxicola rubicola), Sedge warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus), Mistle thrush (Turdus visvivorus), Cormorant (Phalacrocoracidae). Red – Meadow Pipit (Anthus pratensis), Redwing (Turdus iliacus), Black headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus), Grey Wagtail (Motacilla cinerea). Species No. Activity (average) Height Band (m) (average) IUCN Redwing 108 Flying 20-40 Red Buzzard 2 Flying 0-20/20-40 Green Black headed Gull 1 Flying 20-40 Red Grey wagtail 1 Flying 0-20 Red Meadow pipit 5 Flying 0-20 Red Cormorant 2 Flying 20-40 Amber Table 2. Target species recorded during winter bird surveys. RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Section 5: Conclusion The results from the winter bird surveys indicate that this site is not of high importance to wintering bird species. Particularly, the results show that the site it not of great importance to any of the target species. Of the target species surveyed for, there were only six species recorded during the survey period. Largely, these species were only recorded flying over the site, therefore it’s likely that this site is not of high importance for them. However, there were two target species recorded to be activ ely using the site for a short period. These include the Meadow pipit and the Grey wagtail, however, these were both recorded in low numbers. Therefore, this proposed development is not likely to have a significant impact on the wintering population of these species. None of the three qualifying interests for Upper Lough Erne SPA and Lough Oughter Complex SPA (Whooper swan, Great crested grebe and Wigeon) were recorded during the survey. These species often favour wintering habitats such as large rivers and lakes near wetlands, or open farmland as is the case for whooper swan. These habitat compositions can be seen in the larger surrounding area, and it was suspected that some of these species would be recorded in transit. Some of these species can also be found in these habitats during breeding season so there is potential for these observations to be captured during breeding bird surveys. Habitats on site are of low ecological value. Additionally, the further surroundings consist of similar habitat compositions and should provide the same opportunities for these species. Overall, there was a low number of birds recorded throughout the survey period. With the focus being on birds, it is not expected that this project will have a significant negative impact on wintering bird populations in the immediate and nearby surrounding areas. RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Section 5: References Fossitt, J. (2000) A guide to habitats in Ireland. The Heritage Council, Kilkenny. Colhoun, K., & Cummins, S. (2013). Birds of conservation concern in Ireland 2014 –2019. Irish Birds, 9, 523–544. Crowe, O. (2005). Ireland’s Wetlands and Their Waterbirds: Status and Distribution . BirdWatch Ireland, Newcastle, Co. Monaghan. Lynas, P., Newton, S.F. & Robinson, J.A. (2009) The status of birds in Ireland: an analysis of conservation concern 2008- 2013. Irish Birds, 8(2): 149-166. NPWS Site Synopsis Kilroosky Lough Cluster SAC : SITE SYNOPSIS (npws.ie) NPWS Conservation Objectives Kilrrosky Lough Cluster SAC: CO001786.pdf (npws.ie) NPWS Site Synopsis Lough Oughter and Associated loughs SAC : SITE SYNOPSIS (npws.ie) NPWS Conservation Objectives Lough Oughter and Associated loughs SAC: CO000007.pdf (npws.ie) NPWS Site Synopsis and conservation Objectives Magheraveely: Magheraveely Marl Loughs SAC | Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs NPWS Site Synopsis: SITE SYNOPSIS NPWS Conservation Objectives: CO004049.pdf https://gis.epa.ie/EPAMaps/AAGeoTool RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Section 6: Appendix Figure 2 Transects Figure 3 Proposed development provided by Stream Bioenergy RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Figure 4. River and Waterbody Network in the vicinity of the Project Area (EPA 2025) Figure 6. Natura 2000 Sites within c. 15km of the Project Area (EPA 2025). RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Further Appendices Bird species recorded in 10km2 Common Name/Scientific Name Designations/Conservation Status Barn Owl (Tyto alba) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Blackbird (Turdus merula) Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) Black-headed Gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) Bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) Buzzard (Buteo buteo) Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) Invasive Species: Regulation S.I. 477/2011 (Ireland) || Invasive Species: High Risk Invasive Species (2013 Report) || Invasive Species: Regulation S.I. 374/2024 (Ireland) || Invasive Species: The Wildlife (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 || Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita) Coal Tit (Periparus ater) Collared Dove (Streptopelia decaocto) Common Gull (Larus canus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Coot (Fulica atra) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Corncrake (Crex crex) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) Curlew (Numenius arquata) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Dipper (Cinclus cinclus) Dunnock (Prunella modularis) Fieldfare (Turdus pilaris) Garden Warbler (Sylvia borin) Goldcrest (Regulus regulus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) Grasshopper Warbler (Locustella naevia) Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Great Tit (Parus major) Greenfinch (Chloris chloris) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea) Grey Wagtail (Motacilla cinerea) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Greylag Goose (Anser anser) Invasive Species: Regulation S.I. 477/2011 (Ireland) || Invasive Species: Regulation S.I. 374/2024 (Ireland) || Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Hooded Crow (Corvus cornix) House Martin (Delichon urbicum) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Jackdaw (Coloeus monedula) Jay (Garrulus glandarius) Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Lesser Redpoll (Acanthis cabaret) Linnet (Linaria cannabina) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Long-tailed Tit (Aegithalos caudatus) Magpie (Pica pica) Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Meadow Pipit (Anthus pratensis) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Merlin (Falco columbarius) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Mistle Thrush (Turdus viscivorus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) Mute Swan (Cygnus olor) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section I Bird Species Pied Wagtail (Motacilla alba) Pochard (Aythya ferina) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Redwing (Turdus iliacus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Reed Bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus) Robin (Erithacus rubecula) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Rock Dove (Columba livia) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Rook (Corvus frugilegus) Sand Martin (Riparia riparia) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Barn Owl (Tyto alba) Blackbird (Turdus merula) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) Black-headed Gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section III Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) Buzzard (Buteo buteo) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Coal Tit (Periparus ater) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Collared Dove (Streptopelia decaocto) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Common Gull (Larus canus) RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Coot (Fulica atra) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Corncrake (Crex crex) Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Curlew (Numenius arquata) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Dipper (Cinclus cinclus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Dunnock (Prunella modularis) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section III Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Fieldfare (Turdus pilaris) Garden Warbler (Sylvia borin) Goldcrest (Regulus regulus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) Grasshopper Warbler (Locustella naevia) RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) Great Tit (Parus major) Greenfinch (Chloris chloris) Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea) Invasive Species: Regulation S.I. 477/2011 (Ireland) || Invasive Species: High Risk Invasive Species (2013 Report) || Invasive Species: Regulation S.I. 374/2024 (Ireland) || Invasive Species: The Wildlife (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 || Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species Grey Wagtail (Motacilla cinerea) Greylag Goose (Anser anser) Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) Hooded Crow (Corvus cornix) House Martin (Delichon urbicum) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Jackdaw (Coloeus monedula) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Jay (Garrulus glandarius) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) Lesser Redpoll (Acanthis cabaret) Linnet (Linaria cannabina) Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis) Long-tailed Tit (Aegithalos caudatus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Magpie (Pica pica) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) Meadow Pipit (Anthus pratensis) Merlin (Falco columbarius) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Mistle Thrush (Turdus viscivorus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) Mute Swan (Cygnus olor) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) Pied Wagtail (Motacilla alba) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Pochard (Aythya ferina) Invasive Species: Regulation S.I. 477/2011 (Ireland) || Invasive Species: Regulation S.I. 374/2024 (Ireland) || Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Redwing (Turdus iliacus) Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Reed Bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus) Robin (Erithacus rubecula) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Rock Dove (Columba livia) Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Rook (Corvus frugilegus) Sand Martin (Riparia riparia) Sedge Warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Siskin (Spinus spinus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Skylark (Alauda arvensis) Snipe (Gallinago gallinago) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Spotted Flycatcher (Muscicapa striata) Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Swallow (Hirundo rustica) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Swift (Apus apus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Teal (Anas crecca) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Treecreeper (Certhia familiaris) Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section I Bird Species Whitethroat (Curruca communis) Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex III, Section II Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Wigeon (Mareca penelope) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Willow Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus) Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Woodpigeon (Columba palumbus) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive >> Annex II, Section I Bird Species RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes) Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Table 3: Bird species recorded within the 10km2 grid (H51) surrounding the site. RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 AUGUST 2026 VOLUME III APPENDICES TO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT APPENDIX 11.6 BREEDING BIRD REPORT Stream BioEnergy Ireland Limited RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Maghernakelly Renewable Biogas Plant November 2025 Breeding Bird Report i Page Breeding Bird Survey Proposed Renewable Biogas Plant, Maghernakelly, Drum, County Monaghan Compiled by: Veon Ecology, James Glackin BSc, ACIEEM Prepared for: Stream BioEnergy Completion Date: 21 November 2025 RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Maghernakelly Renewable Biogas Plant November 2025 Breeding Bird Report ii Page Table of Contents Author Details and Statement of Authority .................................................................................... iii Section 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Legislation and Guidance .......................................................................................................... 1 1.3: Overview of the Proposed Development.................................................................................. 2 1.3.1 Proposed Development Location....................................................................................... 2 Section 2: Methodology ..................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Desktop Review........................................................................................................................ 5 2.2 Field Surveys ............................................................................................................................ 5 2.2.1 Transect Surveys................................................................................................................ 5 2.2.2 Vantage Point Surveys ....................................................................................................... 6 Section 3: RESULTS ............................................................................................................................ 8 3.1 Desk Study ............................................................................................................................... 8 3.1.1 Bird Species ....................................................................................................................... 8 3.1.2 Special Protection Area (SPA) ............................................................................................. 9 3.2 Field Study ............................................................................................................................. 11 3.2.1 Species Recorded ............................................................................................................ 11 Section 5: REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 13RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Maghernakelly Renewable Biogas Plant November 2025 Breeding Bird Report iii Page Author Details and Statement of Authority1 Name:James Glackin Address:Office 17, Oran Town Centre, Station Road, Oranmore, Co. Galway Company name:Veon Ltd. Veon Ecology Tel. no:jglackin@veon.ie E-mail:James Glackin B.Sc. (Hons) in Environmental Science at University of Galway, ACIEEM. Details of relevant qualifications/ affiliations/years of experience With over three years of experience as an ecologist and former education habitat restoration assistant, James has led and contributed to a wide range of projects, producing comprehensive reports and assessments for Ecological Impact Assessments (EcIA), Biodiversity chapters within Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA). Moreover, James has spearheaded overwintering bird surveys and authored reports outlining the data collected and listed mitigation measures required for a wide range of projects. 1 We confirm that the professional judgement expressed herein is the true and bona fide opinion of our professional ecologists. The information provided is accurate as of the issue date of this report and has been prepared in accordance with the CIEEM Code of Professional Conduct (‘the Code’). Veon Ltd. Veon Revisi on Descri ption Autho r: Date Revie wed Date Autho rised Date b y1DraftJG17/11/25 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 Issue to Client JG 21/11/20 25 IF 21/11/ 2025 AH 21/11/ 2025RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Maghernakelly Renewable Biogas Plant November 2025 Breeding Bird Report 1 Page Section 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Veon Ltd. (Veon Ecology) was appointed by Stream BioEnergy Ireland Ltd to complete a Breeding Bird Survey and Report for a Proposed Renewable Biogas Plant at Maghernakelly, Drum, County Monaghan hereinafter referred to as “the proposed development”. This Breeding Bird Survey Report provides an assessment of the breeding bird populations at the locations of the proposed development and considers the risk of impact on the populations as a result of operation/construction. This report outlines the survey methodology followed by the desk study, field survey results and conclusion. The overall aims of this report are as follows: Collect robust data following good practice guidelines to allow an assessment of the potential impacts of the proposed development on local breeding bird populations. Provide baseline information with which the results of future surveys can be compared to, where appropriate. 1.2 Legislation and Guidance The key legislation underpinning the protection and conservation of birds in Ireland are the: Wildlife Acts 1976 (as amended) Council Directive 92/43/EEC referred to as the ‘Habitats Directive’ Council Directive 2009/147/EC referred to as the ‘Birds Directive’ European Communities (Birds and Natural Habitats) Regulations 2011 (S.I. No. 477 of 2011) as amended Planning and Development Act (2000) (as amended) Planning and Development Regulations 2001 to 2025 The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as waterfowl habitat, more commonly known as the Ramsar Convention, was ratified by Ireland in 1984 and came into force for Ireland on 15 March 1985. While this is not legislation it is an international treaty. The Republic of Ireland presently has 45 sites designated as Wetlands of International Importance. The EU Birds Directive (Council Directive 2009/147/EC) (as amended) is particularly important in relation to the proposed development and the surveys required to inform the development application. Some key sections of the Birds Directive are outlined below: Article 1: 1- “This Directive relates to the conservation of all species of naturally occurring birds in the wild state in the European territory of the Member States to which the Treaty applies. It covers the protection, management and control of these species and lays down rules for their exploitation.” 2. “It shall apply to birds, their eggs, nests and habitats.” Article 2: Member States shall take the requisite measures to maintain the population of the species referred to in Article 1 at a level which corresponds in particular to ecological, scientific and cultural requirements, while taking account of economic and recreational requirements, or to adapt the population of these species to that level.RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Maghernakelly Renewable Biogas Plant November 2025 Breeding Bird Report 2 Page Article 3: In the light of the requirements referred to in Article 2, Member States shall take the requisite measures to preserve, maintain or re-establish a sufficient diversity and area of habitats for all the species of birds referred to in Article 1. Article 4: 1-The species mentioned in Annex I shall be the subject of special conservation measures concerning their habitat in order to ensure their survival and reproduction in their area of distribution.In this connection, account shall be taken of: a)species in danger of extinction; b)species vulnerable to specific changes in their habitat; c)species considered rare because of small populations or restricted local distribution; d)other species requiring particular attention for reasons of the specific nature of their habitat. Trends and variations in population levels shall be taken into account as a background for evaluations. Member States shall classify in particular the most suitable territories in number and size as special protection areas for the conservation of these species in the geographical sea and land area where this Directive applies. Article 5: Without prejudice to Articles 7 and 9, Member States shall take the requisite measures to establish a general system of protection for all species of birds referred to in Article 1, prohibiting in particular: a)deliberate killing or capture by any method; b)deliberate destruction of, or damage to, their nests and eggs or removal of their nests; c)taking their eggs in the wild and keeping these eggs even if empty; d)deliberate disturbance of these birds particularly during the period of breeding and rearing, in so far as disturbance would be significant having regard to the objectives of this Directive; e)keeping birds of species the hunting and capture of which is prohibited. Section 40 of the Wildlife Acts restricts the destruction of vegetation by any means which may be occupied by breeding birds between March 1st and August 31st, as well as making it an offence to remove or disturb a nest during the nesting season. Under Section 42 of the Wildlife Acts the National Parks and Wildlife Services (NPWS) may grant a licence which permits the controlled alteration to or near a bird nest during the nesting season, however strict criteria must be met in order for such a licence to be granted. 1.3: Overview of the Proposed Development 1.3.1 Proposed Development Location The Proposed Development is located at Maghernakelly, Drum, County Monaghan, approximately 4.2 km northwest of Cootehill, 11.2 km southeast of Clones, and 17.5 km south of Monaghan Town. It is accessible via the R189 regional road, which connects to the N54 at Monaghan Town to the north and the R188 at Dawson Grove Demesne near Cootehill to the south.RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Maghernakelly Renewable Biogas Plant November 2025 Breeding Bird Report 3 Page The site spans approximately 6.2 ha across two fields of improved grassland (GA1) under active pastoral use, separated by a treeline (WL2). The field to the west of treeline largely encompasses approximately two thirds of the site, with the smaller field to the east largely encompassing the remaining third. The site is bordered by maintained hedgerows (WL1),dry drainage ditches (FW4) and on three sides by public roads: R189 to the east; L2280 to the north; and L22802 (McKeever’s Road) to the west. The southern boundary through the larger field does not align with a distinct physical feature (e.g., ditch, hedgerow, treeline or road). The southern boundary through the smaller field extends to a tree lined hedgerow. Just beyond the southern boundary of the site is a farmyard (to the west) and residential property (to the east) both classified as built land (BL3), with further improved grassland (GA1) beyond. Overhead power lines traverse the site from east to west. The site’s topography slopes gently from the surrounding roads, rising more steeply to a high point in the south near the farmyard. Ground levels at the R189/L2280 junction and along adjacent roads range between 91.00 m and 95.50 m Above Ordnance Datum (AOD), while within the site, levels vary from 90.50 m to 111.75 m AOD, generally increasing from north to south. This topography suggests natural drainage towards the northeast. A deep, dry drainage ditch (FW4) along the northern field boundary conveys surface water runoff via a culvert under the R189 towards the Coolkill Lough Stream. This stream flows through small waterbodies (e.g.,Coolkill Lough) and areas of poor drainage before joining the Dromore River at Cootehill. Based on EPA flood risk mapping (2024), the site is not at risk of flooding.RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Maghernakelly Renewable Biogas Plant November 2025 Breeding Bird Report 4 Page Figure 1: Proposed Development Site Area RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Maghernakelly Renewable Biogas Plant November 2025 Breeding Bird Report 5 Page Section 2: Methodology 2.1 Desktop Review A comprehensive desk study was undertaken as part of the breeding bird survey report. This was to search for any relevant information on species of conservation concern that may potentially make use of the study area during the breeding season. The assessment included a thorough review of the available ornithological data including: On-line map viewer e.g. National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS), National Biodiversity Data Centre (NBDC), Irish Wetland Bird Survey (I-WeBS), Bird Watch Ireland (BWI), Irish Birding. Bird Atlases e.g. Sharrock, (1976); Lack, (1986); Gibbons et al., (1993); Balmer et al., (2013). Birds of Conservation Concern in Ireland (BoCCI) 2020-2026 & 2014-2019 e.g. Gilbert, Stanbury & Lewis, (2021); Colhoun & Cummins, (2013). I-WeBS: Results of Waterbird Monitoring in Ireland in 2016/17 and 2017/18 e.g. Fitzgerald, Burke & Lewis, (2021). National Biodiversity Data Centre (NBDC). Natura 2000 Sites in the vicinity of the proposed development were identified within 15km from the redline boundary from the most up to date shapefiles from the National Parks & Wildlife Service (NPWS)2. Moreover, due to the proximity of the Proposed Development redline boundary being from the Northern Ireland, the Joint Nature Conservation Committee website was consulted34. The SACs and SPAs within the 15km zone of Influence will hereinafter be referred to as ‘European Sites’. Moreover, the collective name of qualifying interests (ROI SAC), Special conservation interest (Northern Ireland ), selection features (Northern Ireland SAC and SPA) shall be qualifying features hereinafter for consistency throughout this report. 2.2 Field Surveys Weather conditions were recorded prior to the commencement of the survey along with the wind direction and force using the standard method used for recording weather during bird surveys 5(See Table 1). Wind force was measured according to the Beaufort scale and surveys were not conducted if wind was above force 5 (See Table 1). 2.2.1 Transect Surveys Line transect surveys were carried out throughout the proposed development site. These incorporated the entirety of the proposed development. These transects were conducted monthly on seven occasions between March-September 2025. Transect method:O’Brien and Smith (1992); Brown and Sheperd (1993); Gilbert et al. (1998); Calladine et al. (2009). 2 Available at: https://www.npws.ie/maps-and-data/designated-site-data/sac-and-spa-datasheets-downloads 3 SPA (for Northern Ireland) Dataset available at: https://jncc.gov.uk/our-work/special-protection-areas/ 4 SAC (for Northern Ireland) Dataset available at: https://jncc.gov.uk/resources/e301ec47-a4e2-402f-8ffd-66a66558ba3e 5 www.bto.org RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Maghernakelly Renewable Biogas Plant November 2025 Breeding Bird Report 6 Page The procedure followed for each of the transect survey were as follows: A transect covered the whole proposed development (Figure 1). A surveyor walked the transect lines slowly (2km/h) and frequently stopped to listen and look for birds. When a target species was spotted, the following details were recorded: British Trust for Ornithology code (BTO) code6 breeding code7 and status, reference ID, number of birds, Fossitts (2000) habitat code and protection status 8. All observations of target species were mapped using ArcGIS online using the FieldMaps application. Transect surveys of the proposed development took three hours to complete and took place between mid-morning and afternoon. 2.2.2 Vantage Point Surveys A vantage point survey was conducted where the surveyor would stand in a fixed position for up to three hours. The surveyor would return to this spot once a day a month between March to September 2025. The surveyor identified the bird species traversing the redline boundary and would take note of the bird species activities. Table 1: Weather conditions that were recorded along with their codes. Code 1 2 3 4 5 Cloud Cover 0-33%33-66%66-100% Cloud Height <150 m 150-500 m >500m Visibility None Limited Poor Moderate Good Rain None Drizzle Light Showers Heavy Showers Persistent Frost None Light Heavy Snow None On ground Falling Wind force 1-5 km/hr 6-11 km/hr 12-19 km/hr 20-28 km/hr 29-38 km/hr 6 BTO_bird_species_codes.pdf 7 Breeding evidence | BTO 8 Red and Amber Lists of Birds of Conservation Concern in Ireland (BoCCI4) 2020-2026 - BirdWatch IrelandRECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Maghernakelly Renewable Biogas Plant November 2025 Breeding Bird Report 7 Page Figure 1: Transect locations within the Proposed Development SiteRECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Maghernakelly Renewable Biogas Plant November 2025 Breeding Bird Report 8 Page Section 3: RESULTS 3.1 Desk Study 3.1.1 Bird Species Table 2 outlines the species recorded within the 10km square grid surrounding the Proposed development. Records greater than five years for breeding birds are considered to be outdated, thus, any records greater than five years from the time of writing have not been included9. Table 2: NBDC Records of Birds within the 10km Square Grid (H51) Surrounding the Proposed Development Species Number of Records Date of Last Recording Designation Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla)4 07/07/2022 - Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus)13 20/10/2022 - Buzzard (Buteo buteo)6 20/10/2022 - Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita) 9 07/07/2022 - Coal Tit (Periparus ater)11 20/10/2022 - Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) 7 20/10/2022 Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Goldcrest (Regulus regulus)11 20/10/2022 Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis)12 18/03/2021 - Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus) 15 27/03/2022 Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) 2 24/06/2023 Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Grey Wagtail (Motacilla cinerea)6 24/11/2022 Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Jackdaw (Coloeus monedula)14 14/07/2022 - Jay (Garrulus glandarius)1 26/05/2019 - Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus)2 31/07/1991 Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis)4 20/10/2022 Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Protected Species: EU Birds Directive || Protected Species: 9 This was assessed on the 17th November 2025.RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Maghernakelly Renewable Biogas Plant November 2025 Breeding Bird Report 9 Page Species Number of Records Date of Last Recording Designation EU Birds Directive >> Annex I Bird Species || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Amber List Long-tailed Tit (Aegithalos caudatus) 8 20/10/2022 - Mistle Thrush (Turdus viscivorus)6 24/11/2022 Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Redwing (Turdus iliacus)4 20/10/2022 Protected Species: Wildlife Acts || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern || Threatened Species: Birds of Conservation Concern >> Birds of Conservation Concern - Red List Robin (Erithacus rubecula)16 20/10/2022 Protected Species: Wildlife Acts Rook (Corvus frugilegus)13 20/10/2022 - 3.1.2 Special Protection Area (SPA) Of the European sites within the 15km of the proposed development site there is one SPA (See Table 3 and Figure 2). The Upper Lough Erne SPA is the closest European Site to the Proposed Development and is approximately 11.4km away from the proposed development. There is one SPA located beyond the 15 km zone. Table 3: SPAS within 15km of the proposed development. Designated Site Site Code Approximate Distance from Proposed Works (km) Hydrological Connectivity Upper Lough Erne SPA UK9020071 11.4km Yes (via DROMORE_070) Lough Oughter Complex SPA IE004049 20.6 km Yes (via DROMORE_070)RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Maghernakelly Renewable Biogas Plant November 2025 Breeding Bird Report 10 Page Figure 2: Special Protection Areas within 15km of the Proposed Development RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Maghernakelly Renewable Biogas Plant November 2025 Breeding Bird Report 11 Page 3.2 Field Study The proposed biogas site was surveyed for one day every month between March and September 2025 (See Table 4). The habitat present was characterised as predominately improved agricultural grassland (GA1) with Hedgerows (WL1), Treelines (WL2), Drainage ditches (FW4) bordering the site. Table 4: The dates when the surveys were conducted and the weather conditions during the surveys. Survey Effort and Weather Surveyor Name Date Start time Stop time Wind force Wind Directio n Cloud cover Cloud height Visibility Rain Frost Snow Aine O’Sullivan 26/03/ 2025 11:30 13:00 3 SW 3 2 5 1 1 1 Aine O’Sullivan 29/04/ 2025 11:30 13:00 3 SSW 1 3 5 1 1 1 Aine O’Sullivan 28/05/ 2025 11:30 13:00 2 WNW 3 2 5 1 1 1 Ilan Farell 25/06/ 2025 10:00 11:30 2 SW 2 3 5 2 1 1 Ilan Farell 23/07/ 2025 9:30 11:00 3 NNW 3 2 5 1 1 1 Ilan Farell 29/08/ 2025 10:30 12:00 3 WSW 3 3 5 1 1 1 Ilan Farell 26/09/ 2025 10:00 11:30 4 S 1 3 5 1 1 1 3.2.1 Species Recorded Table 5 provides an outline of the species recorded and provides an in depth analysis of target species identified within the proposed development site. The below section provides professional judgement rationalising which species are likely to breed within the proposed development site.RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Maghernakelly Renewable Biogas Plant November 2025 Breeding Bird Report 12 Page Table 5: Target species recorded within the proposed renewable biogas site Target species Species Maximum no. recorded in a Day Number of days Recorded Total Counts Activity Habitats BoCCI10 Annex11 Buzzard (Buteo buteo)2 4 5 Flyover GA1 Green Herring gull (Larus argentatus)110 2 113 Flyover GA1 Amber Meadow Pipit (Anthus pratensis)7 3 13 Feeding and Flyover GA1 Red A total of three target species were identified within the proposed development site throughout the survey period. All of the sightings were flyovers whereby the meadow pipit was the only species identified as feeding within the improved agricultural grassland. Moreover, no nest sites of target species were recorded at the site As buzzards nest in trees close to open farmland and wetland, as is found at the site, there is a possibility that these buzzards are breeders within the proposed development site. Given the integrity of the treeline within the proposed development, this is considered to be unlikely, however, it is likely that the landscape management plan shall result in a suitable habitat for the buzzards in particular. No buzzards recorded were observed to be engaging in breeding behaviour, however this does not rule out the possibility of buzzards breeding in the area. Likewise, meadow pipit was observed several times between June to August, indicating that these species are potential breeders either within or in close proximity to the site. Although, the herring gull was the most regular species recorded within the proposed development site, it is unlikely that they breed within the proposed development site as they characteristically breed along coasts of Ireland and inland in County Donegal and County Galway. Based on the location of the proposed development site, it is likely that this species was flying from the east coast to County Donegal, particularly where they were not regularly recorded in the other survey months 12. The group of 110 herring gulls recorded in the month of June flew over the site and landed in an agricultural field across from the proposed development and remained perched there for the remainder of the survey. Non-target species recorded within this surveying period included chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs), wren (Troglodytes troglodytes), dunnock (Prunella modularis), blackbird (Turdus merula), robin (Erithacus rubecula), Rook (Corvus frugilegus), Hooded Crow (Corvus cornix), Wood Pigeon (Columba palumbus), blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), jackdaw (Coloeuss pp.), Eurasian magpie (Pica pica), great tit (Parus major), goldcrest (Regulus regulus), starling (Sturnus vulgaris), coal tit (Periparus ater), mistle thrush (Turdus viscivorus), stonechat (Saxicola spp.), carrion crow (Corvus corone), swallow (Hirundinidae spp.), linnet (Linaria cannabina), skylark (Alauda arvensis) and Eurasian Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla). 10 BoCCI: Red (high concern), Amber (medium concern), Green (least concern), reflecting the species’ status in the UK or Europe. 11 Birds Directive Annex: "I" and "II" refer to the European Union’s Birds Directive, with Annex I for species in need of special conservation measures, and Annex II for species that may be hunted under regulation. 12 This information was obtained from the Birdwatch Ireland website, available at: https://birdwatchireland.ie/birds/herring-gull/RECEIVED: 28/08/2026 Maghernakelly Renewable Biogas Plant November 2025 Breeding Bird Report 13 Page Section 5: REFERENCES Balmer, D.E., Gillings, S., Caffrey, B.J., Swann, R.L., Downie, I.S. & Fuller, R.J. (2013). Bird Atlas 2007-11: The breeding and wintering birds of Britain and Ireland. BTO Books, Thetford Bird watch Ireland, species descriptions. Burke, B., Lewis, L.J., Fitzgerald, N., Frost, T., Austin, G. and Tierney, T.D., 2018. Estimates of waterbird numbers wintering in Ireland, 2011/12–2015/16.Irish Birds,11, pp.1-12. BWI, (2023). Countryside Bird Survey Manual: Guidelines for Countryside Bird Survey participants. BirdWatch Ireland. European Commissions Directive (2009). Council Directive 2009/147/EC on the Conservation of wild birds. The European Union. European Commissions Habitats Directive (1992). Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. The European Union. Fossits, J.A (2000) A Guide to Habitats in Ireland, Heritage. Gilbert, G., Stanbury, A. & Lewis, L. (2021). Birds of Conservation Concern in Ireland 4: 2020-2026. Irish Birds 43: 1- 22. Hardey, J., Crick, H., Wernham, C., Riley, H., Etheridge, B. & Thompson, D. (2013). Raptors: a field guide to survey and monitoring, 3rd Edition. The Stationery Office, Edinburgh. JNCC, (2004). Common Standards Monitoring Guidance for Birds. Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Peterborough, UK. Nelson, B, Sinéad Cummins, Loraine Fay, Rebecca Jeffrey, Seán Kelly, Naomi Kingston, Neil Lockhart, Ferdia Marnell, David Tierney and Mike Wyse Jackson (2019) Checklists of protected and threatened species in Ireland. National Parks and Wildlife Services. Pp.22-26. NPWS (2025) Conservation Objectives: All Saints Bog SPA 004103. Version 1. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage. NPWS (2025) Conservation Objectives: Dovegrove Callows SPA 004137. Version 1. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage. NPWS (2025) Conservation Objectives: Mongan Bog SPA 004017. Version 1. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage. NPWS (2025) Conservation Objectives: River Little Brosna Callows SPA 004086. Version 1. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage. NPWS (2022) Conservation Objectives: Middle Shannon Callows SPA 004096. Version 1. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage. NPWS (2022) Conservation Objectives: River Suck Callows SPA 004097. Version 1. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage.RECEIVED: 28/08/2026